Abstract Improper application of nitrogen fertilizer for winter wheat production in the North China Plain (NCP) limits N use efficiency and increases the risk of non-point pollution. Crop simulation models may help with the assessment of N fertilizer management, to improve nitrogen use efficiency and to mitigate environmental pollution. In this study, the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model was calibrated and validated with two-year field experiment, which coupled with five N rates (0, 120, 180, 240, and 300 kg ha−1) and three irrigation levels (40, 30, and 20 mm per irrigation) under drip irrigation. The calibrated DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model performed well in simulating the anthesis date (nRMSE=1.47%, d=0.89), maturity date (nRMSE=0.97%, d=0.92), shoot biomass (nRMSE=10.97%, d=0.92), grain yield (nRMSE=6.19%, d=0.96), and actual evapotranspiration (nRMSE=9.96%, d=0.76) of drip-irrigated winter wheat in two years. The calibrated model was subsequently used to evaluate drip-irrigated winter wheat production in response to six N rates (0, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 kg ha−1) under 40 meteorological scenarios, and the results showed that grain yields, water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency, and net margins increased with increasing N application rates until it reached 180 kg ha−1. Above 180 kg ha−1, negligible changes were measured in these values as the N rate increased. The nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity were greatly improved at a N rate of 180 kg ha−1, compared with those at a N rate of 240, 300, and 360 kg ha−1. Consequently, N rate of 180 kg ha−1 was the optimal nitrogen application rate for drip-irrigated winter wheat production. These results may provide a scientific basis for nitrogen management of drip-irrigated winter wheat in the NCP.

中文翻译：

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使用 DSSAT-CERES-Wheat 模型优化滴灌冬小麦的施氮量

摘要 华北平原冬小麦生产中氮肥施用不当限制了氮素的利用效率，增加了面源污染的风险。作物模拟模型可能有助于评估氮肥管理，提高氮利用效率并减轻环境污染。在本研究中，DSSAT-CERES-Wheat 模型通过为期两年的田间试验进行了校准和验证，结合了五个 N 比率（0、120、180、240 和 300 kg ha-1）和三个灌溉水平（40 、30 和 20 毫米每次灌溉）在滴灌下。标定的DSSAT-CERES-Wheat模型在模拟开花期（nRMSE=1.47%, d=0.89）、成熟期（nRMSE=0.97%, d=0.92）、地上部生物量（nRMSE=10.97%, d=0.92）方面表现良好)、谷物产量 (nRMSE=6.19%, d=0.96) 和实际蒸散量 (nRMSE=9.96%, d=0.76) 两年内滴灌冬小麦。随后使用校准模型评估了在 40 种气象情景下响应六种氮肥（0、120、180、240、300 和 360 kg ha-1）的滴灌冬小麦产量，结果表明粮食产量、用水效率、灌溉用水效率和净利润率随着施氮量的增加而增加，直到达到 180 kg ha−1。超过 180 kg ha-1，随着 N 率的增加，这些值的变化可以忽略不计。与施氮量为240、300和360 kg ha-1的施氮量相比，施氮量180 kg ha-1的氮生理效率和氮分因子生产力显着提高。因此，180 kg ha-1 的施氮量是滴灌冬小麦生产的最佳施氮量。