To solve the technical problems of hot metal desulfurization by injecting magnesium particulate, a new method of hot metal desulfurization by bottom-blowing magnesium vapor combined with mechanical agitation was put forward. The effects of three different desulfurization processes on the desulfurization efficiency were studied in view of thermodynamics and kinetics. It was found that the utilization efficiency of magnesium can reach 82.6% and desulfurization efficiency can reach 86.2% during the first 4 min using the method of magnesium vapor injection combined with mechanical agitation. The gasification of magnesium powder leads to significant splashing and magnesium losses in the process of magnesium powder injection, resulting in a low utilization efficiency of magnesium of 51.8% and a low desulfurization efficiency of 55.76%. Activation energy for a first-order kinetic relationship between magnesium powder and sulfur was measured from the experiments, which was 142.82 kJ/mol in the temperature range of 1573–1723 K. The activation energy of the reaction between magnesium vapor and sulfur was around 54.8–65.0 kJ/mol in the temperature range of 1573–1723 K, which indicates that the desulfurization with magnesium vapor proceeds relatively easier than the desulfurization with magnesium powder.

针对注入镁颗粒铁水脱硫的技术难题，提出了一种底吹式镁蒸气与机械搅拌相结合的铁水脱硫新方法。从热力学和动力学的角度研究了三种不同的脱硫工艺对脱硫效率的影响。通过注入镁蒸汽与机械搅拌相结合的方法，发现镁的利用率在前4min达到82.6％，脱硫效率达到86.2％。镁粉的气化导致镁粉注射过程中大量飞溅和镁损失，导致镁的利用率低至51.8％和脱硫效率低至55.76％。