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Photothermal Floats for Evaporation Enhancement and Waterfowl Deterrence
Mine Water and the Environment ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-31 , DOI: 10.1007/s10230-020-00729-z
Ross Monasmith , Grant Myhre , Jared Geer , Ryan Moe , Bryan Chamba Vasquez , Shyla Allred , Madison Cyr , Emma Wooldridge , Hans Swenson , Stella Capoccia , Dario Prieto Centurion , Courtney Young , Katherine R. Zodrow

Many industries store hazardous liquid waste in open ponds prior to treatment or as a means of disposal. In some cases, these ponds may present a hazard to migrating waterfowl. Present methods of deterring birds, such as plastic ‘shade balls’, reduce evaporation, making them ineffective where evaporation is desirable. To combat this effect, we applied photothermal materials to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) containers to create “photothermal floats”, which absorb solar irradiation and promote, rather than deter, evaporation. In this study, inexpensive materials (granular activated carbon, fiberglass, and carbon air filters) were coated onto HDPE containers. Carbon foam, a buoyant material, was used alone. These materials were tested for their effects on evaporation rates in a laboratory environment at low light intensities (150 W∙m−2). Granular activated carbon (GAC) displayed the largest improvement in evaporative performance, increasing the evaporation rate by 64 ± 7% compared to a control with standing water and 199 ± 7% compared to uncoated HDPE. Materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis, water retention analysis, contact angle goniometry, and reflectance. We observed significant and unexpected differences between materials in all parameters and their connections to measured evaporation rates. These novel and inexpensive material combinations may provide a new tool for water managers who need to maintain or improve evaporation rates while deterring waterfowl.

中文翻译:

用于蒸发增强和水禽威慑的光热浮标

许多行业在处理之前或作为处置手段将危险液体废物储存在露天池塘中。在某些情况下,这些池塘可能对迁徙的水禽造成危害。目前阻止鸟类的方法,例如塑料“遮阳球”,减少了蒸发,使其在需要蒸发的地方无效。为了消除这种影响,我们将光热材料应用于高密度聚乙烯 (HDPE) 容器以制造“光热漂浮物”,它可以吸收太阳辐射并促进而不是阻止蒸发。在这项研究中,将廉价材料(颗粒活性炭、玻璃纤维和碳空气过滤器)涂在 HDPE 容器上。碳泡沫,一种浮力材料,被单独使用。在实验室环境中,在低光照强度 (150 W∙m-2) 下测试了这些材料对蒸发率的影响。颗粒活性炭 (GAC) 在蒸发性能方面表现出最大的改进,与带有静水的对照相比,蒸发率提高了 64 ± 7%,与未涂层的 HDPE 相比,蒸发率提高了 199 ± 7%。使用扫描电子显微镜、比表面积分析、保水分析、接触角测角法和反射率对材料进行表征。我们观察到材料在所有参数及其与测量蒸发率的联系方面存在显着且出乎意料的差异。这些新颖且廉价的材料组合可为需要保持或提高蒸发率同时阻止水禽的水管理者提供新的工具。与使用静水的对照相比,蒸发率提高了 64 ± 7%,与未涂层的 HDPE 相比,蒸发率提高了 199 ± 7%。使用扫描电子显微镜、比表面积分析、保水分析、接触角测角法和反射率对材料进行表征。我们观察到材料在所有参数及其与测量蒸发率的联系方面存在显着且出乎意料的差异。这些新颖且廉价的材料组合可为需要保持或提高蒸发率同时阻止水禽的水管理者提供新的工具。与使用静水的对照相比,蒸发率提高了 64 ± 7%,与未涂层的 HDPE 相比,蒸发率提高了 199 ± 7%。使用扫描电子显微镜、比表面积分析、保水分析、接触角测角法和反射率对材料进行表征。我们观察到材料在所有参数及其与测量蒸发率的联系方面存在显着且出乎意料的差异。这些新颖且廉价的材料组合可为需要保持或提高蒸发率同时阻止水禽的水管理者提供新的工具。我们观察到材料在所有参数及其与测量蒸发率的联系方面存在显着且出乎意料的差异。这些新颖且廉价的材料组合可为需要保持或提高蒸发率同时阻止水禽的水管理者提供新的工具。我们观察到材料在所有参数及其与测量蒸发率的联系方面存在显着且出乎意料的差异。这些新颖且廉价的材料组合可为需要保持或提高蒸发率同时阻止水禽的水管理者提供新的工具。
更新日期:2020-10-31
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