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One out of ten: low sampling efficiency of cloth dragging challenges abundance estimates of questing ticks
Experimental and Applied Acarology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-31 , DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00564-5
Siiri Nyrhilä , Jani J. Sormunen , Satu Mäkelä , Ella Sippola , Eero J. Vesterinen , Tero Klemola

Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) act as important vectors of zoonotic pathogens. For instance, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochetes pose a severe health risk as aetiological agents of Lyme borreliosis. Commonly, to study the abundance of questing (host-seeking) ticks, a 1 m2 piece of cloth is dragged over vegetation for a determined distance. Here, we designed a tick-sampling study to estimate the sampling efficiency of this standard method. We established 10 m dragging transects in a hemiboreal mixed forest patch in SW Finland for a 5-day monitoring period. Five of the transects were cloth-dragged 3× a day, whereas another five transects were dragged 6× a day in a manner that after each morning, midday and afternoon dragging, a second dragging was conducted on the same transect immediately. Captured Ixodes ricinus ticks were subsequently analysed for tick-borne pathogens. The initial population size of nymphal ticks on a transect was approximated by the accumulated nymph catch from the dragging sessions. The sampling efficiency of the cloth dragging was low, as a single dragging in a previously untouched vegetation strip always caught less than 12% (mean 6%) of the estimated population of active nymphs that were assumed to be questing during the study. Clear results were not found for daily activity rhythm, as ticks were caught in all daily dragging sessions. Approximately every third nymph and every second adult carried a pathogen, but nothing indicated that the occurrence of a pathogen affected the likelihood of the tick being caught by cloth dragging. Our results suggest that only a minority of active ticks can be caught by a single cloth dragging. The abundance estimates in many tick investigations might thus be downward biased.



中文翻译:

十分之一:拖曳的布料采样效率低,挑战了搜寻壁虱的数量估计

硬tick(Acari:Ixodidae)是人畜共患病原体的重要载体。例如,勃氏疏螺旋体作为莱姆氏疏螺旋体病的病原体构成严重的健康风险。通常,要研究大量的询问(寻求宿主)s,1 m 2将一块布拖到植被上一定距离。在这里,我们设计了一个滴答抽样研究来估计此标准方法的抽样效率。我们在芬兰西南部的一个半实体混交林中建立了10 m的拖曳样带,为期5天的监测期。每天将3个样带拖曳3次,而每天将5个样带拖曳6次,这样的方式是在每天早上,中午和下午拖动之后,立即在同一样带上进行第二次拖动。捕获的硬x随后对进行分析,分析tick传播的病原体。横断面上若虫tick的初始种群大小可以通过拖动过程中累计的若虫捕获量来估算。拖拽布的采样效率很低,因为在以前未接触过的植被带中的一次拖拽始终捕获的数量少于研究中假定为活动的若虫种群的12%(平均6%)。每天的运动节奏都没有找到明确的结果,因为在所有的日常拖拉运动中都捕捉到了s虫。大约每三分之一的仙女和每隔第二个成虫携带一种病原体,但是没有迹象表明病原体的出现会影响cloth被布cloth钩住的可能性。我们的结果表明,只有很少的活动壁虱可以被一块布拖住。

更新日期:2020-11-02
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