Cochlear implantation consists in electrically stimulating the auditory nerve by inserting an electrode array inside the cochlea, a bony structure of the inner ear. In the absence of any visual feedback, the insertion results in many cases of damages of the internal structures. This paper presents a feasibility study on intraoperative imaging and identification of cochlear structures with high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS). 6 ex-vivo guinea pig cochleae were subjected to both US and microcomputed tomography (µCT) we respectively referred as intraoperative and preoperative modalities. For each sample, registration based on simulating US from the scanner was performed to allow a precise matching between the visible structures. According to two otologists, the procedure led to a target registration error of 0.32 mm ± 0.05. Thanks to referring to a better preoperative anatomical representation, we were able to intraoperatively identify the modiolus, both scalae vestibuli and tympani and deduce the location of the basilar membrane, all of which is of great interest for cochlear implantation. Our main objective is to extend this procedure to the human case and thus provide a new tool for inner ear surgery.

人工耳蜗植入包括通过将电极阵列插入耳蜗（内耳的骨结构）内来电刺激听觉神经。在没有任何视觉反馈的情况下，插入导致内部结构损坏的情况很多。本文介绍了高频超声 (HFUS) 术中成像和耳蜗结构识别的可行性研究。6 只离体豚鼠耳蜗接受了美国和微型计算机断层扫描 ( µCT）我们分别称为术中和术前方式。对于每个样本，执行基于从扫描仪模拟 US 的配准，以实现可见结构之间的精确匹配。根据两位耳科医生的说法，该程序导致目标配准误差为 0.32 mm ± 0.05。由于参考了更好的术前解剖学表征，我们能够在术中识别耳蜗，包括前庭鳞片和鼓室，并推断出基底膜的位置，所有这些都对人工耳蜗植入非常重要。我们的主要目标是将此过程扩展到人类病例，从而为内耳手术提供一种新工具。