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Bark-stripping of African mahogany trees (Khaya spp.) by cattle in silvopastoral systems in Brazil
Agroforestry Systems ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-31 , DOI: 10.1007/s10457-020-00558-7
Ricardo Augusto Gorne Viani , Jozivaldo Prudêncio G. de Morais , Frederico Domene , Elielton Ramos Eugênio , Mariana Campana , Eduardo Latarini Neto , Ana Carolina Cardoso de Oliveira

African mahogany (Khaya spp.) produces high-value wood, and its cultivation is expanding in tropical regions. The silvopastoral system is an alternative method for growing timber trees, but may involve cattle stripping bark from trees, which limits its usefulness. We evaluated cattle bark-stripping rates in two African mahogany species, K. grandifoliola and K. senegalensis, in a silvopastoral system with Guinea grass, Panicum maximum, in South-eastern Brazil. Cattle had free access to plantations of both tree species for 2 weeks in May 2018 and July 2019, when trees were 5 and 6 years old, respectively. In 2018, we found bark-stripping only in K. grandifoliola, but in 2019 both species were bark-stripped. The proportion of bark-stripped trees was higher for K. grandifoliola than for K. senegalensis. Considering both years, 29/155 (18.7%) K. senegalensis trees and 106/153 (69.3%) K. grandifoliola trees had some of their bark-stripped by cattle. Bark-stripped trees had lower trunk diameter growth than unaffected trees, and their growth was affected by the degree of bark-stripping. Some trees were girdled by bark-stripping. These trees dried up, and some of them fell down 1 year after girdling. In 2019, despite the high herbage mass, levels of crude protein in the pasture were very low, which may have stimulated bark-stripping. Although we could not identify the reasons for bark-stripping, we recommend avoiding the use of silvopastoral systems with cattle and African mahogany in times of the year when pasture has a low quality.

中文翻译:

巴西林牧系统中的牛对非洲桃花心木 (Khaya spp.) 的树皮剥离

非洲桃花心木 (Khaya spp.) 生产高价值木材,其种植正在热带地区扩大。林牧系统是种植用材树的替代方法,但可能涉及牛剥树皮,这限制了其实用性。我们评估了两种非洲桃花心木树种 K.grandifoliola 和 K. senegalensis 的牛剥皮率,这些树种在巴西东南部的林牧系统中使用几内亚草,Panicum 最大。2018 年 5 月和 2019 年 7 月,当树木分别为 5 年和 6 年时,牛可以免费进入这两种树种的人工林两周。2018 年,我们仅在大叶 K. Grandifoliola 中发现了剥皮现象,但在 2019 年,这两个物种都被剥皮了。K.grandifoliola 的剥皮树木比例高于 K. senegalensis。考虑到这两年,29/155 (18.7%) K. senegalensis 树和 106/153 (69.3%) K. grandifoliola 树的一些树皮被牛剥去了。剥皮树木的树干直径生长低于未受影响的树木,其生长受剥皮程度的影响。一些树木被剥去树皮环绕。这些树干枯了,其中一些在环剥一年后倒下。2019 年,尽管牧草质量很高,但牧场中的粗蛋白水平非常低,这可能刺激了剥皮。虽然我们无法确定剥皮的原因,但我们建议避免在一年中牧场质量低下的时候对牛和非洲桃花心木使用林牧系统。剥皮树木的树干直径生长低于未受影响的树木,其生长受剥皮程度的影响。一些树木被剥去树皮环绕。这些树干枯了,其中一些在环剥后一年倒下。2019 年,尽管牧草质量很高,但牧场中的粗蛋白水平非常低,这可能刺激了剥皮。虽然我们无法确定剥皮的原因,但我们建议避免在一年中牧场质量低下的时候对牛和非洲桃花心木使用林牧系统。剥皮树木的树干直径生长低于未受影响的树木,其生长受剥皮程度的影响。一些树木被剥去树皮环绕。这些树干枯了,其中一些在环剥一年后倒下。2019 年,尽管牧草质量很高,但牧场中的粗蛋白水平非常低,这可能刺激了剥皮。虽然我们无法确定剥皮的原因,但我们建议避免在一年中牧场质量低下的时候对牛和非洲桃花心木使用林牧系统。牧场中的粗蛋白水平非常低,这可能刺激了剥皮。虽然我们无法确定剥皮的原因,但我们建议避免在一年中牧场质量低下的时候对牛和非洲桃花心木使用林牧系统。牧场中的粗蛋白水平非常低,这可能刺激了剥皮。虽然我们无法确定剥皮的原因,但我们建议避免在一年中牧场质量低下的时候对牛和非洲桃花心木使用林牧系统。
更新日期:2020-10-31
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