Orobanche cumana Wallr. is a root parasite significantly affecting sunflower production in most cultivating countries. Due to the continuous introduction of resistant sunflower hybrids, the parasite evolves rapidly, developing new, more virulent races. In this context, extensive knowledge of the distinctive peculiarities of races and their pathogenicity is needed to understand the broomrape evolution and develop effective control strategies. The present study examines the comparative morphologic, genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis of two O. cumana accessions with different level of virulence (belonging to race E and H, respectively). Using simple sequence repeats (SSR) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers, specific amplicons suitable for distinguishing between races have been revealed. It has also been found that the genes PME, PGU, PRX, and CHS that encode enzymes associated with host invasion, such as pectin methylesterases, polygalacturonases, peroxidases, and chalcone synthases, respectively, were upregulated in race H compared to E at different developmental stages, confirming their role in the pathogenicity of broomrape. The proteomic analysis has showed 19 differentially expressed proteins (DEP), including 6 specific for race E and 13 specific for race H. A number of DEP were identified as enzymes of the respiratory system, cell wall-modifying enzymes, stress-related proteins, and other proteins known to be involved in the invasion of the host, and might be important for the more virulent race H. Obtained results provide new insight into broomrape parasitism and offer new opportunities for controlling this pathogen.

Orobanche cumana Wallr。在大多数栽培国家中，它是一种根部寄生虫，会严重影响向日葵的产量。由于不断引入抗性向日葵杂交种，该寄生虫迅速进化，发展出新的，更具毒性的种族。在这种情况下，需要了解种族独特性及其致病性的广泛知识，以了解扫帚the的进化并制定有效的控制策略。本研究检查了两种黄瓜O. cumana的比较形态，遗传，转录组和蛋白质组学分析不同毒力的种质（分别属于E和H族）。使用简单序列重复（SSR）和简单序列间重复（ISSR）标记，已经发现了适合区分种族的特异性扩增子。还发现基因PME，PGU，PRX和CHS与E相比，在不同的发育阶段，分别编码与宿主入侵相关的酶（如果胶甲基酯酶，多半乳糖苷酶，过氧化物酶和查尔酮合酶）的酶在H族中被上调，证实了它们在room帚的致病性中的作用。蛋白质组学分析显示19种差异表达的蛋白质（DEP），包括6种对E种族特异的蛋白质和13种对H种族特异的蛋白质。许多DEP被鉴定为呼吸系统酶，细胞壁修饰酶，应激相关蛋白，以及其他已知与宿主入侵有关的蛋白质，可能对更强毒的种族H很重要。获得的结果为扫帚寄生虫提供了新的见识，并为控制这种病原体提供了新的机会。