The static properties of leaves with parallel venation from terrestrial orchids of the genus Epipactis were modelled as coupled elastic rods using the geometrically exact Cosserat theory and the resulting boundary-value problem was solved numerically using a method from Shampine, Muir and Xu. The response of the leaf structure to the applied force was obtained from preliminary measurements. These measurements allowed the Young's modulus of the Epipactis leaves to be determined. The appearance of wrinkles and undulation characteristics for some leaves has been attributed to the small torsional stiffness of the leaf edges.

中文翻译：

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长叶的力学性能：实验与理论

使用几何精确 Cosserat 理论将来自 Epipactis 属的陆生兰花具有平行脉络的叶子的静态特性建模为耦合弹性杆，并使用 Shampine、Muir 和 Xu 的方法对由此产生的边界值问题进行数值求解。叶片结构对施加的力的响应是从初步测量中获得的。这些测量允许确定 Epipactis 叶子的杨氏模量。一些叶子的皱纹和起伏特征的出现归因于叶子边缘的小的扭转刚度。