Abstract. The intensity of objects in the infrared is an important quantity for a number of applications. Intensity in watts per steradian is the parameter that is used to describe either small targets or targets that are far away. Intensity is used because these cases are usually presented to a detection sensor where the object is smaller than the sensor detector angular subtense, a situation known as an “unresolved target.” In the military, unresolved targets can be rocket-propelled grenades, man-portable air defense threats, enemy aircraft at long range, or even ground vehicles that are being engaged by ground-to-ground or air-to-ground missiles. Typical “resolved target” metrics such as root-sum-squared differential temperature do not work well for unresolved targets. In addition, a given target intensity coupled with range, atmospheric transmission, and sensor noise equivalent irradiance can provide a quick signal-to-noise estimate of a particular sensor against a particular target. Target intensity can even be a measure of how visible ones platform is to other sensor and can be used to reduce platform signatures. Measurement of intensity is always a difficult procedure, where there is typically a sensor that does not encompass all aspects of measurement parameters. For example, there are very few radiometers that include high-resolution spatial measurements with high-resolution spectral measurements with high-resolution temporal measurements, not to mention polarization. For the few systems that exist that can provide a simultaneous measurement with most of these parameters, the cost is prohibitive. Usually, a spectral radiometer will provide high spectral resolution with no spatial information and a slow temporal rate. These measurements are common. In the case we describe here, the intensity measurement is taken broadband in the midwave or longwave infrared regions with good spatial resolution. This measurement provides a band integrated intensity measurement. We describe an approach for sensor calibration and object intensity measurement that can be used for broadband sensors applications.

中文翻译：

---

使用近距黑体参考测量近距分辨目标的红外强度

摘要。红外线中物体的强度是许多应用的重要量。以瓦特每球面度为单位的强度是用于描述小目标或远处目标的参数。使用强度是因为这些情况通常呈现给检测传感器，其中物体小于传感器检测器的对角，这种情况称为“未解析目标”。在军队中，未解决的目标可能是火箭榴弹、便携式防空威胁、远程敌机，甚至是被地对地或空对地导弹攻击的地面车辆。典型的“已解析目标”指标（例如温差根和平方根）不适用于未解析目标。此外，给定的目标强度加上距离，大气传输和传感器噪声等效辐照度可以提供特定传感器针对特定目标的快速信噪比估计。目标强度甚至可以衡量一个平台对其他传感器的可见程度，并可用于减少平台特征。强度的测量始终是一个困难的过程，其中通常有一个传感器不能涵盖测量参数的所有方面。例如，很少有辐射计包括高分辨率空间测量和高分辨率光谱测量以及高分辨率时间测量，更不用说极化了。对于少数可以同时测量大多数这些参数的系统来说，成本高得令人望而却步。通常，光谱辐射计将提供高光谱分辨率，没有空间信息和缓慢的时间速率。这些测量是常见的。在我们这里描述的情况下，强度测量在具有良好空间分辨率的中波或长波红外区域进行宽带测量。该测量提供了带积分强度测量。我们描述了一种可用于宽带传感器应用的传感器校准和物体强度测量方法。