Protein ubiquitination is a key post-translational modification that regulates diverse cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. The specificity of ubiquitin (Ub) signalling for different bioprocesses and pathways is dictated by the large variety of mono-ubiquitination and polyubiquitination events, including many possible chain architectures. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) reverse or edit Ub signals with high sophistication and specificity, forming an integral arm of the Ub signalling machinery, thus impinging on fundamental cellular processes including DNA damage repair, gene expression, protein quality control and organellar integrity. In this review, we discuss the many layers of DUB function and regulation, with a focus on insights gained from budding yeast. Our review provides a framework to understand key aspects of DUB biology.

蛋白质泛素化是一种关键的翻译后修饰，可调节真核细胞中的多种细胞过程。泛素 (Ub) 信号在不同生物过程和途径中的特异性取决于多种单泛素化和多泛素化事件，包括许多可能的链结构。去泛素酶 (DUB) 以高度复杂性和特异性逆转或编辑 Ub 信号，形成 Ub 信号机制的一个组成部分，从而影响基本的细胞过程，包括 DNA 损伤修复、基因表达、蛋白质质量控​​制和细胞器完整性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 DUB 功能和调节的多个层面，重点是从萌芽酵母中获得的见解。我们的评论提供了一个框架来理解 DUB 生物学的关键方面。