Implementations of suitable in vitro cell culture systems of the human intestine have been essential tools in the study of the interaction among organs, commensal microbiota, pathogens and parasites. Due to the great complexity exhibited by the intestinal tissue, researchers have been developing in vitro/ex vivo systems to diminish the gap between conventional cell culture models and the human intestine. These models are able to reproduce different structures and functional aspects of the tissue. In the present review, information is recapitulated on the most used models, such as cell culture, intestinal organoids, scaffold-based three-dimensional models, and organ-on-a-chip and their use in studying the interaction between human intestine and microbes, and their advantages and limitations are also discussed.

实施合适的人体肠道体外细胞培养系统已成为研究器官、共生微生物群、病原体和寄生虫之间相互作用的重要工具。由于肠道组织表现出极大的复杂性，研究人员一直在开发体外/离体系统以缩小传统细胞培养模型与人类肠道之间的差距。这些模型能够再现组织的不同结构和功能方面。在本综述中，概括了最常用模型的信息，例如细胞培养、肠道类器官、基于支架的三维模型和芯片上的器官及其在研究人类肠道与微生物之间的相互作用中的用途，并且还讨论了它们的优点和局限性。