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Does public information about wolf (Canis lupus) movements decrease wolf attacks on hunting dogs (C. familiaris)?
Nature Conservation ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 , DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.42.48314
Mari Tikkunen , Ilpo Kojola

The threat that wolves (Canis lupus) pose to hunting dogs is one reason why Finnish hunters have negative attitudes towards wolves and one of the potential motivations for the illegal killing of wolves. During 2010–2017, wolves killed an average of 38 dogs (range 24–50) per year in Finland. Most of the attacks (91%) were directed at hunting dogs during the hunting season. To decrease the risk of attacks, the last seven positions (one position per hour) of GPS-collared wolves were accessible to the public with a 5 × 5 km resolution during the hunting seasons (from August 20th to February 28th) of 2013/2014 (from September 2nd onwards), 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The link was visited more than 1 million times in 3 of the 4 seasons. Fatal attacks on dogs occurred on 17% of the days during the hunting seasons of our study (n = 760 days). Both the attacks and visits peaked in September–November, which is the primary hunting season in Finland. According to the general linear model, the number of daily visits to the website was higher on days when fatal attacks occurred than on other days. Additionally, season and the number of days passed from the first day of the season were significantly related to the daily visits. Visits were temporally auto-correlated, and the parameter values in the model where the dependent variable was the number of visits on the next day were only slightly different from those in the first model. A two-way interaction between season and attack existed, and the least squares means were significantly different in 2017/2018. The change in daily visits between consecutive days was related only to the number of days from the beginning of the season. We examined whether this kind of service decreased dog attacks by wolves. Wolf attacks were recorded in 32% of the wolf territories, where at least one wolf had been collared (n = 22). However, within the territories without any GPS-collared wolves, the proportion of territories with wolf attack(s) was significantly higher than those elsewhere (50%, n = 48). Although public information decreased the risk of attacks, it did not completely protect dogs from wolf attacks and may in some cases increase the risk of illegally killing wolves. The most remarkable benefit of this kind of service to the conservation of the wolf population might be the message to the public that management is not overlooking hunters’ concerns about wolf attacks on their dogs.

中文翻译:

有关狼(Canis lupus)运动的公共信息是否能减少狼对猎狗(C.affatitis)的攻击?

狼对狼犬的威胁是芬兰猎人对狼持消极态度的原因之一,也是非法杀害狼的潜在动机之一。在2010–2017年期间,芬兰每年平均杀死30只狗(24-50只)。大多数攻击(91%)是在狩猎季节针对猎狗的。为了降低遭受攻击的风险,在2013/2014年的狩猎季节(从8月20日至2月28日),公众可以以5×5 km的分辨率访问GPS领狼的最后七个位置(每小时一个位置)。 (从9月2日起),2015 / 2016、2016 / 2017和2017/2018。在4个季节中的3个季节中,访问该链接的次数超过100万次。在我们研究的狩猎季节中,有17%的日子(n = 760天)发生了对狗的致命袭击。袭击和探视均在9月至11月达到高峰,这是芬兰的主要狩猎季节。根据一般线性模型,发生致命攻击的日子每天访问该网站的次数要多于其他日子。另外,季节和从季节的第一天开始经过的天数与每日访问量显着相关。访问在时间上是自动相关的,并且模型中因变量为第二天访问次数的参数值与第一个模型仅稍有不同。存在季节与进攻之间的双向互动,最小二乘均值在2017/2018年有显着差异。连续几天之间每天访问量的变化仅与季节开始以来的天数有关。我们检查了这种服务是否减少了狼对狗的攻击。在32%的狼地区记录了狼袭击事件,其中至少有1头狼被领(n = 22)。但是,在没有GPS领狼的地区内,遭受狼袭击的地区所占比例显着高于其他地区(50%,n = 48)。尽管公共信息减少了遭受攻击的风险,但它并不能完全保护狗免受狼的袭击,在某些情况下可能会增加非法杀死狼的风险。这种服务对保护狼群最显着的好处可能是向公众传达了一个信息,即管理人员并未忽略猎人对狼对狗的攻击的担忧。在32%的狼地区记录了狼袭击事件,其中至少有1头狼被领(n = 22)。但是,在没有GPS领狼的地区内,遭受狼袭击的地区所占比例显着高于其他地区(50%,n = 48)。尽管公共信息减少了遭受攻击的风险,但它并不能完全保护狗免受狼的袭击,在某些情况下可能会增加非法杀死狼的风险。这种服务对保护狼群最显着的好处可能是向公众传达了一个信息,即管理人员并未忽略猎人对狼对狗的攻击的担忧。在32%的狼地区记录了狼袭击事件,其中至少有1头狼被领(n = 22)。但是,在没有GPS领狼的地区内,遭受狼袭击的地区所占比例显着高于其他地区(50%,n = 48)。尽管公共信息减少了遭受攻击的风险,但它并不能完全保护狗免受狼的袭击,在某些情况下可能会增加非法杀死狼的风险。这种服务对保护狼群最显着的好处可能是向公众传达了一个信息,即管理人员并未忽略猎人对狼对狗的攻击的担忧。被狼袭击的地区所占比例显着高于其他地区(50%,n = 48)。尽管公共信息减少了遭受攻击的风险,但它并不能完全保护狗免受狼的袭击,在某些情况下可能会增加非法杀死狼的风险。这种服务对保护狼群最显着的好处可能是向公众传达了一个信息,即管理人员并未忽略猎人对狼对狗的攻击的担忧。被狼袭击的地区所占比例显着高于其他地区(50%,n = 48)。尽管公共信息减少了遭受攻击的风险,但它并不能完全保护狗免受狼的袭击,在某些情况下可能会增加非法杀死狼的风险。这种服务对保护狼群最显着的好处可能是向公众传达了一个信息,即管理人员并未忽略猎人对狼对狗的攻击的担忧。
更新日期:2020-10-30
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