The ancient insect order Odonata is divided into three suborders: Anisoptera and Zygoptera with approximately 3000 species worldwide each, and Anisozygoptera with only four extant species in the relict family Epiophlebiidae. An updated list of Odonata species studied regarding chromosome number, sex chromosome mechanism and the occurrence of m-chromosomes (= microchromosomes) is given. Karyotypes of 607 species (198 genera, 23 families), covering approximately 10% of described species, are reported: 423 species (125 genera, 8 families) of the Anisoptera, 184 species (72 genera, 14 families) of the Zygoptera, and one species of the Anisozygoptera. Among the Odonata, sex determination mechanisms in males can be of X(0), XY and X1X2Y types, and diploid chromosome numbers can vary from 6 to 41, with a clear mode at 2n = 25(60%) and two more local modes at 2n = 27(21%) and 2n = 23(13%). The karyotype 2n = 25(24A + X) is found in each of the three suborders and is the most typical (modal) in many families, including the best-covered Libellulidae, Corduliidae (Anisoptera), Lestidae, Calopterygidae, and Platycnemididae (Zygoptera). This chromosome set is considered ancestral for the Odonata in general. Chromosome rearrangements, among which fusions and fissions most likely predominated, led to independent origins of similar karyotypes within different phylogenetic lineages of the order. The karyotype 2n = 27(26A + X) prevails in Aeshnidae and Coenagrionidae, whereas the karyotype 2n = 23(22A + X) is modal in Gomphidae and Chlorocyphidae, in both pairs of families one being from the Anisoptera while the other from the Zygoptera.

中文翻译：

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世界蜻蜓目染色体数目一览表及核型变异综述

古代昆虫纲蜻蜓目分为三个亚目：异翅亚目和接合翅亚目，每个亚目在全世界约有 3000 种，而异翅亚目仅在孑遗科 Epiophlebiidae 中现存有 4 种。给出了关于染色体数目、性染色体机制和 m 染色体（= 微染色体）出现的蜻蜓目物种的最新列表。报告了 607 种（23 科 198 属）的核型，约占所描述物种的 10%：异翅目 423 种（8 科 125 属），接合翅目 184 种（14 科 72 属），以及异翅目（Anisozygoptera）的一种。在蜻蜓目中，雄性的性别决定机制可以是X(0)、XY和X1X2Y类型，二倍体染色体数目可以从6到41不等，其中清晰模式为2n = 25(60%)，另外还有两种局部模式2n = 27(21%) 和 2n = 23(13%)。核型 2n = 25(24A + X) 存在于三个亚目中，并且是许多科中最典型（模态）的，包括覆盖最好的 Libellulidae、Corduliidae (Anisoptera)、Lestidae、Calopterygidae 和 Platycnmididae (Zygoptera) ）。该染色体组通常被认为是蜻蜓目动物的祖先。染色体重排，其中融合和裂变最有可能占主导地位，导致不同系统发育谱系内相似核型的独立起源。核型 2n = 27(26A + X) 在 Aeshnidae 和 Coenagrionidae 中占主导地位，而核型 2n = 23(22A + X) 在 Gomphidae 和 Chlorocyphidae 中最常见，在两对科中，一个来自异翅目，另一个来自接合翅目。