Study of the physical phenomena and processes on the Sun and in the heliosphere, a natural plasma laboratory, is based on near-earth and space-based observations and building models which help to obtain a general view of how the Sun was made and how it works, while allowing one to address the practical problems of solar activity influencing space weather and its impact on various areas of human activity. In this paper a brief outline is given of the models of trigger mechanisms driving the most powerful manifestations of solar activity — solar flares and mass ejections, the wave mechanism of solar corona heating. Also, analytical solutions are presented for MHD shock waves in solar wind collisionless plasma with heat fluxes.

对太阳和日光层物理现象和过程的研究是一个天然的等离子体实验室，它基于近地和太空观测和建立模型，有助于获得关于太阳是如何形成的以及它是如何形成的一般视图工作，同时允许人们解决太阳活动影响空间天气及其对人类活动各个领域的影响的实际问题。在本文中，简要概述了驱动太阳活动最强大表现的触发机制模型——太阳耀斑和物质抛射，太阳日冕加热的波动机制。此外，还给出了具有热通量的太阳风无碰撞等离子体中的 MHD 冲击波的解析解。