Budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, serves as a prime biological model to study mechanisms underlying asymmetric growth. Previous studies have shown that prior to bud emergence, polarization of a conserved small GTPase Cdc42 must be established on the cell membrane of a budding yeast. Additionally, such polarization contributes to the delivery of cell wall remodeling enzymes and hydrolase from cytosol through the membrane, to change the mechanical properties of the cell wall. This leads to the hypothesis that Cdc42 and its associated proteins at least indirectly regulate cell surface mechanical properties. However, how the surface mechanical properties in the emerging bud are changed and whether such change is important are not well understood. To test several hypothesised mechanisms, a novel three-dimensional coarse-grained particle-based model has been developed which describes inhomogeneous mechanical properties of the cell surface. Model simulations predict alter...

中文翻译：

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极性信号调控的细胞膜和壁结合力学特性在细胞出芽中的作用

芽殖酵母，酿酒酵母，是研究不对称生长机制的主要生物模型。以前的研究表明，在芽出现之前，必须在芽殖酵母的细胞膜上建立保守的小 GTPase Cdc42 的极化。此外，这种极化有助于细胞壁重塑酶和水解酶从细胞质通过膜传递，从而改变细胞壁的机械特性。这导致了 Cdc42 及其相关蛋白至少间接调节细胞表面机械特性的假设。然而，萌芽中的表面机械性能如何变化以及这种变化是否重要尚不清楚。为了测试几个假设的机制，已经开发了一种新的基于三维粗粒颗粒的模型，该模型描述了细胞表面的不均匀机械特性。模型模拟预测改变...