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Detection of heat pumps from smart meter and open data
Energy Informatics Pub Date : 2020-10-28 , DOI: 10.1186/s42162-020-00124-6
Andreas Weigert , Konstantin Hopf , Nicolai Weinig , Thorsten Staake

Heat pumps embody solutions that heat or cool buildings effectively and sustainably, with zero emissions at the place of installation. As they pose significant load on the power grid, knowledge on their existence is crucial for grid operators, e.g., to forecast load and to plan grid operation. Further details, like the thermal reservoir (ground or air source) or the age of a heat pump installation renders energy-related services possible that utility companies can offer in the future (e.g., detecting wrongly calibrated installations, household energy efficiency checks). This study investigates the prediction of heat pump installations, their thermal reservoir and age. For this, we obtained a dataset with 397 households in Switzerland, all equipped with smart meters, collected ground truth data on installed heat pumps and enriched this data with weather data and geographical information. Our investigation replicates the state of the art in the area of heat pump detection and goes beyond it, as we obtain three major findings: First, machine learning can detect the existence of heat pumps with an AUC performance metric of 0.82, their heat reservoir with an AUC of 0.86, and their age with an AUC of 0.73. Second, heat pump existence can be better detected using data during the heating period than during summer. Third the number of training samples to detect the existence of heat pumps must not be necessarily large in terms of the number of training instances and observation period.

中文翻译:

从智能仪表和开放数据中检测热泵

热泵采用的解决方案可有效,可持续地对建筑物进行加热或冷却,安装位置的排放量为零。由于它们对电网造成很大的负荷,因此了解其存在对于电网运营商至关重要,例如,预测负荷和计划电网运行。诸如蓄热器(地面或空气源)或热泵装置的使用期限之类的更多详细信息使公用事业公司可以在将来提供与能源有关的服务(例如,检测错误校准的装置,家庭能效检查)。这项研究调查了热泵装置的预测,它们的蓄热能力和寿命。为此,我们获得了瑞士397个家庭的数据集,这些家庭都配备了智能电表,在已安装的热泵上收集地面实况数据,并用天气数据和地理信息丰富此数据。我们的研究复制了热泵检测领域的最新技术,并超越了它,因为我们获得了三个主要发现:首先,机器学习可以检测到AUC性能指标为0.82的热泵的存在,其热储量为AUC为0.86,他们的年龄为AUC为0.73。其次,与夏季相比,利用供暖期间的数据可以更好地检测热泵的存在。第三,就训练实例的数量和观察周期而言,用于检测热泵存在的训练样本的数量不一定一定很大。我们的研究复制了热泵检测领域的最新技术,并超越了它,因为我们获得了三个主要发现:首先,机器学习可以检测到AUC性能指标为0.82的热泵的存在,其热储量为AUC为0.86,他们的年龄为AUC为0.73。其次,使用加热期间的数据比夏季期间更好地检测热泵的存在。第三,就训练实例的数量和观察周期而言,用于检测热泵存在的训练样本的数量不一定一定很大。我们的研究复制了热泵检测领域的最新技术,并超越了它,因为我们获得了三个主要发现:首先,机器学习可以检测到AUC性能指标为0.82的热泵的存在,其热储量为AUC为0.86,他们的年龄为AUC为0.73。其次,与夏季相比,利用供暖期间的数据可以更好地检测热泵的存在。第三,就训练实例的数量和观察周期而言,用于检测热泵存在的训练样本的数量不一定一定很大。与夏季相比,使用供暖期间的数据可以更好地检测热泵的存在。第三,就训练实例的数量和观察周期而言,用于检测热泵存在的训练样本的数量不一定一定很大。与夏季相比,使用供暖期间的数据可以更好地检测热泵的存在。第三,就训练实例的数量和观察周期而言,用于检测热泵存在的训练样本的数量不一定一定很大。
更新日期:2020-10-30
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