This study evaluated the biochemical, molecular, and histopathological mechanisms involved in the hypoglycaemic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in experimental diabetic rats. ZnONPs were prepared by the sol–gel method and characterised by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). To explore the possible hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effect of ZnONPs, rats were grouped as follows: control group, ZnONPs treated group, diabetic group, and diabetic + ZnONPs group. Upon treatment with ZnONPs, a significant alteration in the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and the levels of insulin, haemoglobin A1c, and the expression of cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+), CD8+ T cells, glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT-4), tumour necrosis factor, and interleukin-6 when compared to diabetic and their control rats. ZnONPs administration to the diabetic group showed eminent blood glucose control and restoration of the biochemical profile. This raises their active role in controlling pancreas functions to improve glycaemic status as well as the inflammatory responses. Histopathological investigations showed the non-toxic and therapeutic effect of ZnONPs on the pancreas. TEM of pancreatic tissues displayed restoration of islets of Langerhans and increased insulin-secreting granules. This shows the therapeutic application of ZnONPs as a safe anti-diabetic agent and to have a potential for the control of diabetes.

中文翻译：

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氧化锌纳米颗粒增强 CD4、CD8 和 GLUT-4 的表达并限制链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠的炎症反应

本研究评估了氧化锌纳米颗粒 (ZnONPs) 在实验性糖尿病大鼠中的降血糖作用所涉及的生化、分子和组织病理学机制。ZnONPs 通过溶胶-凝胶法制备，并通过扫描和透射电子显微镜（SEM 和 TEM）进行表征。为探讨ZnONPs可能的降血糖和抗氧化作用，将大鼠分组如下：对照组、ZnONPs治疗组、糖尿病组和糖尿病+ZnONPs组。在用 ZnONPs 处理后，超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性、胰岛素、血红蛋白 A1c 的水平以及分化簇 4+ (CD4+)、CD8+ T 细胞、葡萄糖转运蛋白 4 型的表达显着改变。 GLUT-4)，肿瘤坏死因子，和白细胞介素 6 与糖尿病大鼠及其对照大鼠相比。对糖尿病组施用ZnONPs显示出显着的血糖控制和生化特征的恢复。这提高了它们在控制胰腺功能以改善血糖状态以及炎症反应方面的积极作用。组织病理学研究表明ZnONPs对胰腺无毒和治疗作用。胰腺组织的 TEM 显示胰岛的恢复和胰岛素分泌颗粒的增加。这显示了 ZnONPs 作为一种安全的抗糖尿病药物的治疗应用，并具有控制糖尿病的潜力。这提高了它们在控制胰腺功能以改善血糖状态以及炎症反应方面的积极作用。组织病理学研究表明ZnONPs对胰腺无毒和治疗作用。胰腺组织的 TEM 显示胰岛的恢复和胰岛素分泌颗粒的增加。这显示了 ZnONPs 作为一种安全的抗糖尿病药物的治疗应用，并具有控制糖尿病的潜力。这提高了它们在控制胰腺功能以改善血糖状态以及炎症反应方面的积极作用。组织病理学研究表明ZnONPs对胰腺无毒和治疗作用。胰腺组织的 TEM 显示胰岛的恢复和胰岛素分泌颗粒的增加。这显示了 ZnONPs 作为一种安全的抗糖尿病药物的治疗应用，并具有控制糖尿病的潜力。