Purpose: Vitamins exert its effect through different isoforms. The isoform conversion phases involved are affected outside factors. Here, we investigated the correlation between serum retinol, α-tocopherol, and serum inflammatory markers using stratified data acquired from 2016 to 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
Materials and Methods: This study was based on data acquired from the 7th edition (2016– 2018) of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, consisting of survey data on smoking and alcohol drinking, serum retinol level, serum α-tocopherol level, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and baseline characteristics.
Results: There was a negative correlation between serum retinol and hs-CRP in alcohol drinking men. There was a negative correlation between serum retinol and hs-CRP in the alcohol-nonsmoking female group. There was a positive correlation between α-tocopherol and hs-CRP in the nonsmoking and alcohol-drinking group. There was a positive correlation between α-tocopherol and hs-CRP in the nonsmoking and alcohol-drinking female group. There was positive correlation between vitamin A and E and metabolic syndrome. The lowest vitamin A level was observed in subjects with all five metabolic syndrome criteria matched.
Conclusion: There was a negative correlation between serum retinol and hs-CRP and positive correlation between α-tocopherol and hs-CRP. Absorption and secretion of serum retinol are affected by inflammation status through retinol-binding protein. Alcohol acts as a competitive inhibitor of vitamin A oxidation through alcohol dehydrogenase and ALDH activity. Smoking causes inflammation and induces reactive oxygen species scavenging system and increases cytochrome p450 levels. These factors may have contributed to the observed findings. Metabolic syndrome subjects increased as the levels of vitamin A and vitamin E increased. Since obesity is inversely related to ALDH activity, we postulate that patients with metabolic syndrome may also have low ALDH activity, especially in the Asian population. Future studies are warranted to study the efficacy of ALDH or ALDH inducers in patients with vitamin A deficiency or metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: metabolic syndrome, retinol, α-tocopherol, smoking, drinking


中文翻译：

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韩国健康成年人维生素 A 负相关与维生素 E 与炎症的正相关：基于 2016-2018 年第 7 版韩国国家健康与营养调查 (KNHANES)

目的：维生素通过不同的异构体发挥作用。所涉及的异构体转化阶段受到外部因素的影响。在这里，我们使用从 2016 年至 2018 年韩国国家健康和营养调查 (KNHANES) 获得的分层数据调查了血清视黄醇、α-生育酚和血清炎症标志物之间的相关性。
材料与方法：本研究基于韩国国家健康与营养调查第 7 版（2016-2018 年）获得的数据，包括吸​​烟和饮酒、血清视黄醇水平、血清 α-生育酚水平、高敏 C 反应蛋白 (hs-CRP) 和基线特征。
结果：饮酒男性的血清视黄醇与 hs-CRP 呈负相关。在不吸烟的女性组中，血清视黄醇与 hs-CRP 呈负相关。非吸烟和饮酒组的α-生育酚与hs-CRP呈正相关。在不吸烟和饮酒的女性组中，α-生育酚与 hs-CRP 呈正相关。维生素A和E与代谢综合征呈正相关。在符合所有五项代谢综合征标准的受试者中观察到最低的维生素 A 水平。
结论：血清视黄醇与hs-CRP呈负相关，α-生育酚与hs-CRP呈正相关。血清视黄醇的吸收和分泌通过视黄醇结合蛋白受到炎症状态的影响。酒精通过酒精脱氢酶和 ALDH 活性作为维生素 A 氧化的竞争性抑制剂。吸烟会引起炎症并诱导活性氧清除系统并增加细胞色素 p450 水平。这些因素可能促成了观察到的发现。代谢综合征受试者随着维生素 A 和维生素 E 水平的增加而增加。由于肥胖与 ALDH 活性成反比，我们假设代谢综合征患者也可能具有低 ALDH 活性，尤其是在亚洲人群中。

关键词：代谢综合征，视黄醇，α-生育酚，吸烟，饮酒