Although innovative technologies for somatic cell reprogramming and transdifferentiation provide new strategies for the research of translational medicine, including disease modeling, drug screening, artificial organ development, and cell therapy, recipient safety remains a concern due to the use of exogenous transcription factors during induction. To resolve this problem, new induction approaches containing clinically applicable small molecules have been explored. Small molecule epigenetic modulators such as DNA methylation writer inhibitors, histone methylation writer inhibitors, histone acylation reader inhibitors, and histone acetylation eraser inhibitors could overcome epigenetic barriers during cell fate conversion. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in reprogramming and transdifferentiation of somatic cells with small molecule approaches. In the present review, we systematically discuss recent achievements of pure chemical reprogramming and transdifferentiation.

中文翻译：

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纯化学细胞命运转化中的小分子表观遗传调节剂

尽管用于体细胞重编程和转分化的创新技术为转化医学的研究提供了新的策略，包括疾病建模，药物筛选，人工器官发育和细胞疗法，但由于诱导过程中使用了外源转录因子，因此受体的安全性仍然值得关注。为了解决这个问题，已经探索了包含临床上适用的小分子的新的诱导方法。小分子表观遗传调节剂，例如DNA甲基化写作者抑制剂，组蛋白甲基化写作者抑制剂，组蛋白酰化阅读剂抑制剂和组蛋白乙酰化橡皮擦抑制剂可以克服细胞命运转化过程中的表观遗传障碍。在过去的几年里，用小分子方法在体细胞的重编程和转分化方面已取得重大进展。在本文中，我们系统地讨论了纯化学重编程和转分化的最新成就。