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Multiple Mechanisms Underlie State-Independent Inhibitory Effects of Norfluoxetine on TREK-2 K2P Channels
bioRxiv - Biophysics Pub Date : 2021-04-01 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.29.360966
Peter Proks , Marcus Schewe , Linus J. Conrad , Shanlin Rao , Kristin Rathje , Karin E. J. Rödström , Elisabeth P. Carpenter , Thomas Baukrowitz , Stephen J Tucker

The TREK subfamily of Two-Pore Domain (K2P) K+ channels are inhibited by fluoxetine and its metabolite, norfluoxetine (NFx). Although not the principal targets of this antidepressant, TREK channel inhibition by NFx has provided important insights into the conformational changes associated with channel gating and highlighted the role of the selectivity filter in this process. But despite the availability of TREK-2 crystal structures with NFx bound, the precise mechanisms underlying NFx inhibition remain elusive. NFx has previously been proposed to be a state-dependent inhibitor, but its binding site suggests many possible ways in which this positively charged drug might inhibit channel activity. Here we show that NFx exerts multiple effects on single channel behavior that influence both the open and closed states of the channel, and that the channel can become highly activated by 2-APB whilst remaining in the down conformation. We also show that that the inhibitory effects of NFx are unrelated to its positive charge, but can be influenced by agonists such as ML335 which alter filter stability, as well as by an intrinsic voltage-dependent gating process within the filter. NFx therefore not only inhibits channel activity by altering the equilibrium between up and down conformations, but can also directly influence filter gating. These results provide further insight into the com-plex allosteric mechanisms that modulate filter-gating in TREK K2P channels and highlight the different ways that filter gating can be regulated to permit polymodal regulation.

中文翻译:

诺氟西汀对TREK-2 K2P通道的状态独立抑制作用是多种机制的基础。

两孔结构域(K2P)K +通道的TREK亚家族受到氟西汀及其代谢产物去氟西汀(NFx)的抑制。尽管不是该抗抑郁药的主要靶标,但NFx抑制TREK通道已为与通道门控相关的构象变化提供了重要见识,并突出了选择性过滤器在此过程中的作用。但是,尽管可以利用结合了NFx的TREK-2晶体结构,但抑制NFx的确切机制仍然难以捉摸。NFx以前曾被提出是一种状态依赖性抑制剂,但其结合位点提示了这种带正电荷的药物可能抑制通道活性的许多可能方式。在这里,我们表明NFx对单通道行为产生多种影响,这些行为会影响通道的打开和关闭状态,并且该通道可以被2-APB高度激活,同时保持向下构象。我们还表明,NFx的抑制作用与其正电荷无关,但可以受到激动剂(如ML335)的影响,后者会改变滤波器的稳定性,以及受到滤波器内部固有的电压依赖性门控过程的影响。因此,NFx不仅通过改变上和下构象之间的平衡来抑制通道活性,而且还可以直接影响滤波器的门控。这些结果为调节TREK K2P通道中的过滤器门控的复杂变构机制提供了进一步的见解,并强调了可以调节过滤器门控以允许多峰调节的不同方式。我们还表明,NFx的抑制作用与其正电荷无关,但可以受到激动剂(如ML335)的影响,后者会改变滤波器的稳定性,以及受到滤波器内部固有的电压依赖性门控过程的影响。因此,NFx不仅通过改变上和下构象之间的平衡来抑制通道活性,而且还可以直接影响滤波器的门控。这些结果为调节TREK K2P通道中的过滤器门控的复杂变构机制提供了进一步的见解,并强调了可以调节过滤器门控以允许多峰调节的不同方式。我们还表明,NFx的抑制作用与其正电荷无关,但可以受到激动剂(如ML335)的影响,后者会改变滤波器的稳定性,以及受到滤波器内部固有的电压依赖性门控过程的影响。因此,NFx不仅通过改变上和下构象之间的平衡来抑制通道活性,而且还可以直接影响滤波器的门控。这些结果为调节TREK K2P通道中的过滤器门控的复杂变构机制提供了进一步的见解,并强调了可以调节过滤器门控以允许多峰调节的不同方式。因此,NFx不仅通过改变上下构象之间的平衡来抑制通道活性,而且还可以直接影响滤波器的门控。这些结果为调节TREK K2P通道中的过滤器门控的复杂变构机制提供了进一步的见解,并强调了可以调节过滤器门控以允许多峰调节的不同方式。因此,NFx不仅通过改变上和下构象之间的平衡来抑制通道活性,而且还可以直接影响滤波器的门控。这些结果为调节TREK K2P通道中的过滤器门控的复杂变构机制提供了进一步的见解,并强调了可以调节过滤器门控以允许多峰调节的不同方式。
更新日期:2021-04-02
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