Writing parallel codes is difficult and exhibits a fundamental trade-off between abstraction and performance. The high level language abstractions designed to simplify the complexities of parallelism make certain assumptions that impacts performance and scalability. On the other hand lower level languages, providing many opportunities for optimisation, require in-depth knowledge and the programmer to consider tricky details of parallelism. An approach is required which can bridge the gap and provide both the ease of programming and opportunities for control and optimisation. By optionally decorating their codes with additional type information, programmers can either direct the compiler to make certain decisions or rely on sensible default choices.

中文翻译：

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扩展摘要：基于任务的并行性的面向类型编程

编写并行代码很困难，并且表现出抽象和性能之间的基本权衡。旨在简化并行性复杂性的高级语言抽象做出了某些影响性能和可伸缩性的假设。另一方面，低级语言提供了许多优化机会，需要深入的知识和程序员考虑并行性的棘手细节。需要一种方法来弥合差距并提供易于编程和控制和优化的机会。通过可选地用附加类型信息修饰他们的代码，程序员可以指示编译器做出某些决定或依赖合理的默认选择。