The Asian longhorned tick (ALT), Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), is a three-host tick that was first detected outside of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quarantine in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in 2017 and subsequently found in another 14 states. In its native Asia, and where it has become established in Australia and New Zealand, ALTs feed on a variety of hosts and are economically important livestock pests and competent vectors of multiple pathogens to humans and other animals. The degree to which ALT will become a persistent livestock pest or competent vector for introduced or existing pathogens in the United States is yet unclear. Because of its vast host availability, ability to reproduce asexually, known vector competence, and the presence of multiple life stages on hosts, the expansion of ALT establishment in the United States is expected, and is a significant public health and veterinary concern. In this paper, we discuss the biology, geographical distribution, life cycle and seasonal activity, reproduction, identification, medical and veterinary implications, management options, and future concerns in the United States.

中文翻译：

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美国的异国血吸虫（Acari：Ixodidae）：生物学，生态学和管理策略

亚洲长角tick（ALT），Haemaphysalis longicornisNeumann（Acari：Ixodidae）是一种三宿主tick，于2017年在新泽西州亨特登县的美国农业部（USDA）隔离区外首次发现，随后在另外14个州发现。在其原产亚洲以及已在澳大利亚和新西兰建立的地区，ALTs以多种寄主为食，是重要的家畜害虫和人类和其他动物的多种病原体的有效载体。ALT在美国成为持久性牲畜害虫或有效媒介以引入或现有病原体的能力尚不清楚。由于其广泛的宿主可用性，无性繁殖能力，已知的载体能力以及宿主上存在多个生命阶段，因此在美国，ALT的建立有望扩大，并且是重大的公共卫生和兽医问题。在本文中，我们讨论了生物学，地理分布，生命周期和季节性活动，繁殖，鉴定，医学和兽医学意义，管理选择以及在美国的未来关注点。