This work presents a lightweight and minimally invasive cooling system design with forced water cooling, which can improve photovoltaic (PV) system performance by thoroughly reducing the temperature of its solar cells. This design is an improved version of traditional PV-thermal cooling systems that are bulky and mostly limited to land-based applications. Thermal and fluid flow analyses of this system have been presented to numerically assess output efficiency improvement with a commercial solar panel. The proposed serpentine cooling block structure has been optimized to maintain module efficiency better than Standard Testing Conditions (STC) under all conditions. For a 395 W commercial solar panel, an output power improvement of up to 49.4 W (14.29%) at an irradiance level of 1000 W/m2 at an ambient temperature of 35 °C has been achieved. The corresponding water pump operation and associated losses are limited to a maximum of 8.5 W/module. The impact of cooling system performance has also been evaluated for the region of Mangla Dam Lake, Pakistan, where an annual increase in electricity output of around 9.58% is foreseen. Consequently, this work is envisioned to provide guidance on increasing the efficiency of the PV system to those who would install it near water reservoirs.

中文翻译：

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改进的冷却系统设计，以提高浮动光伏系统的能源效率

这项工作提出了一种带有强制水冷的轻型微创冷却系统设计，可以通过彻底降低太阳能电池的温度来提高光伏 (PV) 系统的性能。这种设计是传统光伏热冷却系统的改进版本，该系统体积庞大且主要限于陆基应用。该系统的热和流体流动分析已被提出，以数值评估商业太阳能电池板的输出效率提高。建议的蛇形冷却块结构经过优化，可在所有条件下保持比标准测试条件 (STC) 更好的模块效率。对于 395 W 的商用太阳能电池板，在 35 °C 的环境温度下，在 1000 W/m2 的辐照度水平下，输出功率提高了高达 49.4 W（14.29%）。相应的水泵运行和相关损失限制为最大 8.5 W/模块。冷却系统性能的影响也已针对巴基斯坦曼格拉大坝湖地区进行了评估，预计该地区的年发电量将增长约 9.58%。因此，这项工作旨在为那些将在水库附近安装光伏系统的人提供提高光伏系统效率的指导。