Experimental development of translational DNA nanomotors recently underwent a paradigm shift from bridge-burning monomers to symmetric dimers capable of truly sustainable motion. The focus of direction rectification is changed from carving the external landscape of a single particle to symmetry breaking from within a dimer. The symmetric dimer construction have the potential to facilitate efficient motors as friction, which is inevitable as a single particle moving in a viscous environment, may vanish for paired systems. However, creating high-performing nanomotors remains an open question from a fundamental physics perspective. Here, we present a realistic physical model for dimeric nanomotors that can be exactly solved to yield motor functions from experimentally accessible non-motor elements by mere physical laws—in a surprisingly rich mechanistic variety covering virtually all advanced dimeric DNA nanomotors invented to date plus major biological counterparts to a certain extent. The model exposes a high-performing regime with a sign of superlubricity for efficient motor operation. Reasonably simple for accurate treatments yet mechanistically telling, the present model has potential to evolve into a generic model to guide experimental optimization of DNA nanomotors toward low-dissipation operation.

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DNA双足纳米马达的统一模型

平移 DNA 纳米马达的实验开发最近经历了从燃烧桥单体到能够真正可持续运动的对称二聚体的范式转变。方向矫正的重点从雕刻单个粒子的外部景观转变为打破二聚体内部的对称性。对称二聚体结构有可能促进高效电机，因为摩擦是不可避免的，因为在粘性环境中移动的单个粒子可能会在配对系统中消失。然而，从基础物理学的角度来看，创造高性能纳米电机仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。这里，我们为二聚体纳米马达提供了一个现实的物理模型，可以精确求解，以仅通过物理定律从实验上可访问的非运动元件中产生运动功能——在一个令人惊讶的丰富机械多样性中，几乎涵盖了迄今为止发明的几乎所有先进的二聚体 DNA 纳米马达以及主要的生物对应物在某种程度上。该模型展示了一个具有超润滑性的高性能机制，可实现高效电机运行。对于准确的治疗来说相当简单但从机械上讲，本模型有可能演变成一个通用模型，以指导 DNA 纳米马达的实验优化朝着低耗散运行。该模型展示了一种具有超润滑性的高性能机制，可实现高效电机运行。对于准确的治疗来说相当简单但从机械上讲，本模型有可能演变成一个通用模型，以指导 DNA 纳米马达的实验优化朝着低耗散运行。该模型展示了一个具有超润滑性的高性能机制，可实现高效电机运行。对于准确的治疗来说相当简单但从机械上讲，本模型有可能演变成一个通用模型，以指导 DNA 纳米马达的实验优化朝着低耗散运行。