Ultra-peripheral collisions of heavy ions and protons are the energy frontier for electromagnetic interactions. Both photonuclear and two-photon collisions are studied, at collision energies that are far higher than are available elsewhere. In this review, we will discuss physics topics that can be addressed with UPCs, including nuclear shadowing and nuclear structure and searches for beyond-standard-model physics.

中文翻译：

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高能核对撞机中的光核和双光子相互作用

重离子和质子的超外围碰撞是电磁相互作用的能量前沿。研究了光核和双光子碰撞，碰撞能量远高于其他地方。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论可以用 UPC 解决的物理主题，包括核阴影和核结构以及搜索超标准模型物理。