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Herbicidal control of deathcamas (Zigadenus paniculatus)
Weed Technology ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 , DOI: 10.1017/wet.2020.102
Clinton A. Stonecipher , Corey Ransom , Eric Thacker , Kevin Welch , Dale R. Gardner , Matt Palmer

Foothill deathcamas is a bulbous, perennial, native forb found throughout the western United States. Deathcamas begins growth early in the spring. The lack of alternative forages at this time can result in livestock becoming poisoned from the consumption of deathcamas. Research on herbicides for deathcamas control is limited to work from the 1950s and 1960s that identified 2,4-D as a control agent. The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative herbicide options for deathcamas control that include 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, quinclorac, aminopyralid, imazapic, and chlorsulfuron. We also investigated the impact of plant growth stage on deathcamas control by making herbicide applications at two growth stages. One set of plots was treated with herbicides when deathcamas was in the early vegetative stage and the second set was treated at flowering. There is some evidence that stress might affect alkaloid content; therefore, we monitored alkaloid content of treated and nontreated deathcamas. Plots were established at Mt. Sterling, UT, and Mt. Pleasant, UT. Deathcamas density was reduced in 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, and imazapic treatments 1 and 2 yr after herbicide application (P < 0.0001). Compared with the pretreatment densities, deathcamas densities(± standard error of the mean) 2 yr after herbicide application were reduced 96% ± 1.4%, 100% ± 0%, and 98% ± 0.9% for 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, and imazapic, respectively, at the Mt. Sterling site. At the Mt. Pleasant site, deathcamas density was reduced by 84% ± 2.8% with 2,4-D alone, whereas 2,4-D + triclopyr and imazapic provided similar density reductions as observed at the Mt. Sterling site. Steroidal alkaloid concentrations did not change in herbicide-treated deathcamas at either stage of plant growth. These data indicate that 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, and imazapic can effectively control deathcamas in the vegetative and flowering growth stages.

中文翻译:

除草剂控制deathcamas(Zigadenus paniculatus)

Foothill deathcamas 是一种球茎状的多年生原生植物,遍布美国西部。Deathcamas在春季早期开始生长。此时缺乏替代草料可能导致牲畜因食用死亡卡而中毒。用于控制死亡的除草剂的研究仅限于 1950 年代和 1960 年代确定 2,4-D 作为控制剂的工作。本研究的目的是评估替代除草剂选择,包括 2,4-D、2,4-D + 绿草定、喹氯酸、氨基吡嘧啶、灭草定和氯磺隆。我们还通过在两个生长阶段施用除草剂来研究植物生长阶段对死亡卡马斯控制的影响。当deathcamas处于早期营养阶段时,一组地块用除草剂处理,第二组地块在开花时处理。有一些证据表明压力可能会影响生物碱含量;因此,我们监测了治疗和未治疗的死亡相机的生物碱含量。在 Mt. Sterling, UT 和 Mt. Pleasant, UT 建立了地块。除草剂施用后 1 年和 2 年,2,4-D、2,4-D + 绿草定和灭草定处理中的 Deathcamas 密度降低(P < 0.0001)。与预处理密度相比,除草剂施用 2 年后,死亡卡马斯密度(平均值的标准误差)降低了 96% ± 1.4%、100% ± 0% 和 98% ± 0.9%,对于 2,4-D、2、分别位于 Mt. Sterling 站点的 4-D + 绿草定和灭草定。在 Mt. Pleasant 现场,单独使用 2,4-D 时,deathcamas 密度降低了 84% ± 2.8%,而 2, 4-D + 绿草定和灭草烟提供了与在 Mt. Sterling 站点观察到的相似的密度降低。在植物生长的任何一个阶段,除草剂处理的deathcamas中的甾体生物碱浓度都没有变化。这些数据表明,2,4-D、2,4-D+绿草定和灭草酸可有效控制营养生长和开花生长阶段的死亡。
更新日期:2020-09-14
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