Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a nutritious crop from the Moraceae family. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of fruit characteristics using a set of 27 standardized fruit descriptors to describe 28 jackfruit genotypes. These data were used to identify the superior jackfruit genotype that could be used for commercial cultivation. The data revealed a wide range of differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Cluster analysis classified the genotypes into four major groups that confirmed the wide diversity among them. Principal component analysis (PCA) also revealed that 80.22% of the variability among the jackfruit genotypes was explained by the first five principal components (PCs). Based on the overall results, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for Eastern Region (ICAR-RCER) JS 6/3 and 10/3 genotypes were found to be the most promising for table purposes (medium fruit size, pulp percentage >50 and total soluble solid (TSS) >20°Brix), whereas the ICAR-RCER JS 7/7 genotype with large fruit size, pulp percentage >50 and TSS >20°Brix was found to be suitable for processing. The coefficient of variation was the least for traits such as TSS (12.56%) and average seed length (13.56%). Hence, priority may also be given to the TSS and seed size when exploring promising genotypes and operating a selection procedure for crop improvement in jackfruit. The information generated under the study forms a potential baseline for fruit breeders to use in selecting genotypes with superior fruit qualities for jackfruit crop improvement programmes in the future.

中文翻译：

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菠萝蜜（Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.）的多样性：深入了解水果表征以鉴定优良基因型

菠萝蜜 (太子参Lam.) 是桑科植物的营养作物。目前的研究旨在使用一组 27 个标准化水果描述符来描述 28 个菠萝蜜基因型，以评估水果特征的表型多样性。这些数据用于鉴定可用于商业种植的优良菠萝蜜基因型。数据揭示了所有研究性状的基因型之间存在广泛的差异。聚类分析将基因型分为四大类，证实了它们之间的广泛多样性。主成分分析 (PCA) 还显示，菠萝蜜基因型中 80.22% 的变异性可以由前五个主成分 (PC) 解释。根据总体结果，印度农业研究委员会，东部地区研究综合体 (ICAR-RCER) JS 6/3 和 10/3 基因型被发现最有希望用于餐桌（中等果实大小、果肉百分比 >50 和总可溶性固体 (TSS) >20°Brix） ，而 ICAR-RCER JS 7/7 基因型具有大果实、果肉百分比 >50 和 TSS >20°Brix 被发现适合加工。TSS（12.56%）和平均种子长度（13.56%）等性状的变异系数最小。因此，在探索有前景的基因型和操作菠萝蜜作物改良的选择程序时，也可以优先考虑 TSS 和种子大小。该研究产生的信息为水果育种者提供了一个潜在的基线，用于为未来菠萝蜜作物改良计划选择具有优良果实品质的基因型。