SummaryThe concept of the Anthropocene has highlighted the significant global impact of human activities on ecological systems on a geological scale (Crutzen 2002). This concept has come to significantly influence a scientific and political agenda orientated towards documenting and denouncing multiple negative anthropogenic factors that have led to global change. Nevertheless, not all large-scale environmental transformations by human societies have been intrinsically destructive. Many indigenous communities in the Neotropics, Palearctic, sub-Saharan Africa, North America, Indo-Malaya and Australasia have radically – albeit often constructively – modified the physical and biotic conditions of the ecological systems that they inhabit (Ellis 2015). It is necessary to revise the assumption that human actions always degrade the environment, through a reconceptualization that we have previously called ‘anthropogenesis’ (Rivera-Núñez et al. 2020). Instead of the naïve portrayal of the ‘good Anthropocene’ (Hamilton 2015, Fremaux & Barry 2019), anthropogenesis seeks to enrich the biodiversity debate with the historical human expressions of constructed environments that the conservation-focused ‘Edenic sciences’ and the ‘pristine syndrome’ (Robbins & Moore 2013) tend to ignore, or ‘Anthropo-not-see’ (de la Cadena 2019). The objective of this comment paper is to urge the academic community, grassroots organizations and governments to employ a concept of ‘palimpsest’ (from the Ancient Greek for ‘again scraped’, implying that something is scraped clear ready to be used again) in the reconceptualization of biodiversity conservation from a historical perspective that implements research and policy agendas that incorporate the human propensity for environmental construction in a deeper and more inclusive manner.

中文翻译：

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重新概念化生物多样性保护中的“重写本”概念

总结人类世的概念强调了人类活动在地质尺度上对生态系统的重大全球影响（Crutzen 2002）。这一概念已经对旨在记录和谴责导致全球变化的多种负面人为因素的科学和政治议程产生了重大影响。然而，并非人类社会的所有大规模环境变化都具有内在的破坏性。新热带、古北区、撒哈拉以南非洲、北美、印度-马来亚和澳大拉西亚的许多土著社区从根本上——尽管经常是建设性的——改变了他们所居住的生态系统的物理和生物条件（Ellis 2015）。有必要修改人类行为总是使环境退化的假设，通过我们之前称为“人类发生”的重新概念化（Rivera-Núñez 等人，2020 年）。人类起源不是对“良好的人类世”（Hamilton 2015, Fremaux & Barry 2019）的天真描绘，而是寻求通过以保护为重点的“伊甸园科学”和“原始综合症”对人造环境的历史人类表达来丰富生物多样性辩论'（Robbins & Moore 2013）倾向于忽略，或“人类看不见”（de la Cadena 2019）。这篇评论文章的目的是敦促学术界、草根组织和政府采用“palimpsest”的概念（来自古希腊语的“again scraped”，