The brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys is one of the most harmful invasive species in the world. Native to East Asia, this insect was introduced into North America in the 1990s and into Europe in the 2000s where it subsequently established and spread across the continent. Previous population genetic studies determined the invasion pathways at continental and national levels. However, information on the dynamics on a small-scale is currently scarce. Here we study the genetic diversity and population dynamics of H. halys in South Tyrol, a region in Northern Italy, since its arrival to its widespread establishment over a period of four years. By haplotyping 162 individuals from ten populations (including six previously published individuals) we found a high haplotype diversity in most populations with an increasing diversity across the different years. Most haplotypes were previously found in other regions of Northern Italy, providing evidence for migration from neighboring regions. However, the presence of four previously undescribed haplotypes as well as a haplotype previously found exclusively in Greece highlights additional long-distance dispersal across the continent. Phylogenetic analysis of the haplotypes found in South Tyrol showed that the majority of haplotypes clustered with haplotypes predominantly found in Japan. This suggests a potential recent introduction of H. halys individuals from Japan into Europe, and thus an additional invasion pathway that was previously unidentified.

中文翻译：

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褐栗色臭虫 Halyomorpha halys 在入侵南蒂罗尔（意大利北部）早期的种群遗传学

棕色栗色臭虫海藻是世界上危害最大的入侵物种之一。这种昆虫原产于东亚，于 1990 年代引入北美，并于 2000 年代引入欧洲，随后在欧洲大陆定居并蔓延。以前的人口遗传学研究确定了大陆和国家层面的入侵途径。然而，目前关于小规模动态的信息很少。在这里，我们研究了遗传多样性和种群动态H. halys在意大利北部的南蒂罗尔地区，自从它到达并在四年内广泛建立以来。通过对来自 10 个种群（包括 6 个先前发表的个体）的 162 个个体进行单倍型分析，我们发现大多数种群的单倍型多样性很高，并且随着不同年份的多样性不断增加。大多数单倍型以前在意大利北部的其他地区被发现，为邻近地区的迁移提供了证据。然而，四个以前未描述的单倍型以及一个以前仅在希腊发现的单倍型的存在突出了整个大陆的额外长距离传播。在南蒂罗尔发现的单倍型的系统发育分析表明，大多数单倍型与主要在日本发现的单倍型聚集在一起。H. halys从日本进入欧洲的个人，因此是以前未发现的额外入侵途径。