Monitoring volcanic unrest and understanding seismic and acoustic signals associated with eruptive activity is key to mitigate its impacts on population and infrastructure. On June 3, 2018, Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala, produced a violent eruption with very little warning. The paroxysmal phase of this event generated pyroclastic density currents (PDC) that impacted nearby settlements resulting in 169 fatalities, 256 missing, and nearly 13,000 permanently displaced from their homes. Since then, Volcán de Fuego has been instrumented with an extensive network of seismic and infrasound sensors. Infrasound is a new monitoring tool in Guatemala. A key step toward its effective use in volcano monitoring at Volcán de Fuego is establishing a baseline for the interpretation of the recorded signals. Here, we present the first comprehensive characterization of acoustic signals at Volcán de Fuego for the whole range of surface activity observed at the volcano. We use data collected during temporary deployments in 2018 and from the permanent infrasound network. Infrasound at Fuego is dominated by the occurrence of short-duration acoustic transients linked to both ash-rich and gas-rich explosions, at times associated with the generation of shock waves. The rich acoustic record at Fuego includes broadband and harmonic tremor, and episodes of chugging. We explore the occurrence of these signals in relation to visual observations of surface activity, and we investigate their source mechanisms within the shallow conduit system. This study provides a reference for the interpretation of acoustic signals at Volcán de Fuego and a baseline for real-time monitoring of its eruptive activity using infrasound data. Our results suggest that changes in the style of activity and morphology of the summit crater are reflected in the acoustic signature of eruption; as such our study provides a reference for the interpretation of acoustic signals at Volcán de Fuego and a baseline for real-time monitoring of its eruptive activity using infrasound.

监视火山动荡并了解与爆发活动有关的地震和声音信号，对于减轻其对人口和基础设施的影响至关重要。2018年6月3日，危地马拉的沃尔坎·德·富戈（Volcánde Fuego）发生了一次暴力喷发，几乎没有任何警告。此事件的阵发性阶段产生火山碎屑密度流（PDC），影响附近的定居点，造成169人死亡，256人失踪，近13,000人永久性流离失所。从那时起，Volcánde Fuego被配备了广泛的地震和次声传感器网络。次声是危地马拉的新监视工具。在Volcánde Fuego的火山监测中有效使用其关键一步是为解释所记录的信号建立基线。这里，我们介绍了在Volcánde Fuego上对火山中观察到的整个表面活动范围的声信号的首次全面表征。我们使用2018年临时部署期间和永久次声网络收集的数据。在Fuego的次声中，短时的声音瞬变与富含灰分和富含气体的爆炸有关，有时与冲击波的产生有关。在Fuego，丰富的声学记录包括宽带和谐波震颤以及颤抖发作。我们探索与表面活动的视觉观察有关的这些信号的发生，并研究它们在浅导管系统内的源机制。这项研究为解释Volcánde Fuego处的声信号提供了参考，并为使用次声数据实时监测其爆发活动提供了基线。我们的研究结果表明，火山口活动方式和形态的变化反映在喷发的声学特征中。因此，我们的研究为解释Volcánde Fuego处的声音信号提供了参考，并为使用次声实时监测其爆发活动提供了基线。