Inverted structures provide traps for petroleum exploration, typically four-way structural closures. As to the degree of inversion, based on a large number of worldwide examples seen in various basins, the most preferred petroleum exploration targets are mild to moderate inversion structures, defined by the location of the null points. In these instances, the closures have a relatively small vertical amplitude but are simple in a map-view sense and well imaged on seismic reflection data. Also, the closures typically cluster above the extensional depocenters which tend to contain source rocks providing petroleum charge during and after the inversion. Cases for strong or total inversion are generally not that common and typically are not considered as ideal exploration prospects, mostly due to breaching and seismic imaging challenges associated with the trap(s) formed early on in the process of inversion. Also, migration may become tortuous due to the structural complexity or the source rock units may be uplifted above the hydrocarbon generation window, effectively terminating the charge once the inversion has occurred. Cases of inversion tectonics can be grouped into two main modes. A structure develops in Mode I inversion if the syn-rift succession in the preexisting extensional basin unit is thicker than its post-rift cover including the pre- and syn-inversion part of it. In contrast, a structure evolves in Mode II inversion if the opposite syn- versus post-rift sequence thickness ratio can be observed. These two modes have different impacts on the petroleum system elements in any given inversion structure. Mode I inversion tends to develop in failed intracontinental rifts and proximal passive margins, and Mode II structures are associated with back-arc basins and distal parts of passive margins. For any particular structure the evidence for inversion is typically provided by subsurface data sets such as reflection seismic and well data. However, in many cases the deeper segments of the structure are either poorly imaged by the seismic data and/or have not been penetrated by exploration wells. In these cases the interpretation in terms of inversion has to rely on the regional understanding of the basin evolution with evidence for an early phase of crustal extension by normal faulting.

中文翻译：

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反演构造：石油行业的简要观点

倒置结构为石油勘探提供了陷阱，通常是四向结构封闭。至于反演的程度，根据在各个盆地中看到的大量全球实例，最优选的石油勘探目标是由中点位置确定的轻度至中度反演结构。在这些情况下，封闭物具有相对较小的垂直振幅，但在地图视图意义上是简单的，并且在地震反射数据上成像良好。同样，封闭层通常聚集在伸展沉积中心之上，这些沉积中心往往包含烃源岩，在反演期间和反演之后提供石油。强反演或整体反演的情况通常不那么普遍，通常也不被认为是理想的勘探前景，主要是由于与反演过程早期形成的圈闭有关的破坏和地震成像挑战。同样，由于结构的复杂性，运移可能会变得曲折，或者烃源岩单元可能会被抬升到油气生成窗口之上，一旦发生反演就会有效地终止装料。反构造的情况可以分为两种主要模式。如果在先存在的伸展盆地单元中的同裂隙序列比其包括后反转部分的裂谷后盖层厚，则结构在I型反转中发展。相反，如果可以观察到相反的顺反序列与后裂隙序列的厚度比，则结构将在II型反转中演化。在任何给定的反演结构中，这两种模式对石油系统元素都有不同的影响。模式I倒置往往发生在洲际裂谷失败和近缘被动边缘中，而模式II结构与弧后盆地和被动边缘的远端部分有关。对于任何特定结构，反演的证据通常由地下数据集（例如反射地震和井数据）提供。然而，在许多情况下，该结构的较深部分可能无法通过地震数据成像，并且/或者没有被勘探井穿透。在这些情况下，关于反演的解释必须依靠对盆地演化的区域性了解，并有证据表明正断层可以促进地壳伸展的早期阶段。模式II的构造与弧后盆地和被动缘的远侧部分有关。对于任何特定结构，反演的证据通常由地下数据集（例如反射地震和井数据）提供。然而，在许多情况下，该结构的较深部分可能无法通过地震数据成像，并且/或者没有被勘探井穿透。在这些情况下，关于反演的解释必须依靠对盆地演化的区域性了解，并有证据表明正断层可以促进地壳伸展的早期阶段。模式II的构造与弧后盆地和被动缘的远侧部分有关。对于任何特定结构，反演的证据通常由地下数据集（例如反射地震和井数据）提供。然而，在许多情况下，该结构的较深部分可能无法通过地震数据成像，并且/或者没有被勘探井穿透。在这些情况下，关于反演的解释必须依靠对盆地演化的区域性了解，并有证据表明正断层可以促进地壳伸展的早期阶段。在许多情况下，该结构的较深部分可能被地震数据成像不良和/或未被勘探井穿透。在这些情况下，关于反演的解释必须依靠对盆地演化的区域性了解，并有证据表明正断层可以促进地壳伸展的早期阶段。在许多情况下，该结构的较深部分可能被地震数据成像不良和/或未被勘探井穿透。在这些情况下，关于反演的解释必须依靠对盆地演化的区域性了解，并有证据表明正断层可以促进地壳伸展的早期阶段。