Abstract

A year-long study from May 2018 to April 2019 investigated the spatio-temporal changes in water quality of seven major rivers in the Giresun Province in northeastern Turkey. The results of the analysis were classified according to WHO limit values for drinking water and water quality classes were determined with respect to the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation (TSWQR). In addition, sodium percentage (% Na), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard (MH), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) values were calculated to evaluate the eligibility of the streams for irrigation purposes. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such as one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation index (PCI), cluster analysis (CA), principal components analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA) were used to determine the differences and similarities of streams, pollution sources and relations between parameters. As a result of the PCA, four factors accounted for 71.52% of all factors. These factors show that the major changes in water quality parameters were associated with point-based pollution such as wastewater from household and industrial resources, non-point sources such as agricultural activities and natural phenomena such as flooding, rock and soil erosion. The pH values in the range of 7.77 to 9.8 were slightly alkaline compared to the TSWQR range of pH 6–9. In certain months, the average NO₂-N values (> 0.06 mg/L) in Batlama Stream, Aksu Stream, Yağlıdere Stream and Gelevera Stream was class III (medium) water quality and mean fluoride values in streams (1 and 1.19 mg/L) were class II water quality according to TSWQR. The levels of anionic surfactants in all streams were class III (polluted) water quality, except for Pazarsuyu Stream with class II (less polluted) water quality. The annual mean water quality index (WQI) values of the streams ranged from 25.69 (excellent) to 32.39 (good). When the water quality was evaluated for irrigation, the SAR, Na%, RSC and MH did not exceed the limit values. Based on these indices it was assessed that settlements and related anthropogenic activities along the riverbanks did not affect the water quality currently. This does not mean that it may not have an effect in the near future.

摘要

从2018年5月到2019年4月进行的为期一年的研究调查了土耳其东北部Giresun省的7条主要河流的水质时空变化。根据WHO的饮用水极限值对分析结果进行分类，并根据土耳其地表水质量法规（TSWQR）确定水质等级。此外，还计算了钠百分比（％Na），钠吸收率（SAR），镁危害（MH）和残留碳酸钠（RSC）值，以评估水流是否适合灌溉目的。使用单因素方差分析，皮尔逊相关指数（PCI），聚类分析（CA），主成分分析/因子分析（PCA / FA）等多元统计分析方法确定流的差异和相似性，污染源与参数之间的关系。作为PCA的结果，四个因素占所有因素的71.52％。这些因素表明，水质参数的主要变化与基于点的污染有关，例如家庭和工业资源产生的废水，非点源（如农业活动）和自然现象（如洪水，岩石和土壤侵蚀）。与TSWQR范围pH 6–9相比，pH值在7.77至9.8范围内呈弱碱性。在某些月份，平均NO 非点源，例如农业活动和自然现象，例如洪水，岩石和土壤侵蚀。与TSWQR范围pH 6–9相比，pH值在7.77至9.8范围内呈弱碱性。在某些月份，平均NO 非点源，例如农业活动和自然现象，例如洪水，岩石和土壤侵蚀。与TSWQR范围6–9相比，pH值在7.77至9.8范围内呈弱碱性。在某些月份，平均NO₂Batlama河，Aksu河，Yağıdere河和Gelevera河的-N值（> 0.06 mg / L）为III级（中）水质，溪流中的平均氟化物值（1和1.19 mg / L）为II级水质到TSWQR。除Pazarsuyu流的水质为II类（污染较少）外，所有物流中阴离子表面活性剂的水平均为III类（污染）水质。溪流的年平均水质指数（WQI）值介于25.69（优良）至32.39（优良）之间。在评估灌溉水质时，SAR，Na％，RSC和MH均未超过限值。根据这些指数，可以评估出沿河岸的定居点和相关的人为活动目前并未影响水质。这并不意味着它在不久的将来可能不会起作用。