Abstract

The water quality for the shorelines of Kuching, Samarahan, and Betong divisions was assessed based on the primary and secondary data which was then compared to the National Water Quality Standards and Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standards for Malaysia. The Water Quality Index (WQI) and Marine Water Quality Index (MWQI) were generated where applicable. The results reveal that the baseline river monitoring locations portrayed slight pollution with WQI ranging from 60 to 80 except for Sg. Seblak station with polluted water quality, registering WQI of 42. Most of the baseline marine water monitoring stations recorded excellent to moderate MWQI apart from Btg. Samarahan and Sg. Sarawak stations with MWQI of 40, which might be due to the urban population of the Kuching city and Samarahan area. Moreover, MWQI of 48 was recorded at the estuary of Sg. Tabo and Sg. Buntal. The primary data revealed that the marine water samples had a dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration between 4.58 and 6.88 mg/L. The heavy metal ions and oil and grease parameters were below the detection limit. Hence, no industrial-related effluent was detected at the estuary and coastal waters along the shoreline of Kuching, Samarahan, and Betong. The present study concluded that the main pollutants along the shoreline of Kuching, Samarahan, and Betong include ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃–N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃–N), and phosphate (PO₄). The high levels of NH₃–N, NO₃, and PO₄ are attributed to the wastewater discharges originating from coastal settlements and commercial establishments, nutrient runoffs from large-scale agricultural activities, and aquaculture activities. In contrast, the secondary data revealed the presence of faecal pollution originating from untreated or partially treated sewage and sullage discharged by coastal settlements and commercial establishments.

摘要

根据主要和次要数据评估了古晋，萨马拉汉和勿洞等地区海岸线的水质，然后将其与《国家水质标准》和《马来西亚海洋水质标准和标准》进行了比较。在适用的情况下，生成了水质指数（WQI）和海洋水质指数（MWQI）。结果表明，基线河水监测地点除Sg外，其余水质指数均在60至80之间，污染程度较轻。Seblak站的水质受到污染，WQI达到42。除Btg外，大多数基准海水监测站的MWQI都达到了极好的。萨马拉汉和Sg。砂拉越站的MWQI为40，这可能是由于古晋市和Samarahan地区的城市人口所致。而且，Sg河口记录的MWQI为48。Tabo和Sg。布塔尔 初步数据显示，海水样品中的溶解氧（DO）浓度在4.58至6.88 mg / L之间。重金属离子和油脂参数均低于检测极限。因此，在古晋，萨马拉汉和勿洞等海岸线的河口和沿海水域未检测到与工业相关的废水。本研究得出的结论是，古晋，萨马拉汉和勿洞沿岸的主要污染物包括氨氮（NH 在古晋，萨马拉汉和勿洞等海岸线的河口和沿海水域未检测到与工业相关的废水。本研究得出的结论是，古晋，萨马拉汉和勿洞沿岸的主要污染物包括氨氮（NH 在古晋，萨马拉汉和勿洞等海岸线的河口和沿海水域未检测到与工业相关的废水。本研究得出的结论是，古晋，萨马拉汉和勿洞沿岸的主要污染物包括氨氮（NH₃ –N），硝酸盐氮（NO ₃ –N）和磷酸盐（PO ₄）。NH ₃ -N，NO ₃和PO ₄的高含量归因于沿海定居点和商业场所的废水排放，大规模农业活动的养分径流以及水产养殖活动。相反，次要数据显示，粪便污染的存在是由于未经处理或部分处理的污水和沿海居民点和商业机构排放的污物引起的。