Abstract

Ambient temperature is considered as the major abiotic factor which regulates body physiological mechanisms of all living creatures across the globe. Variation in ambient temperature which emulates thermoneutral zone culminates in heat stress. Heat stress has been emerged as major ultimatum to livestock’s growth, development, production and reproduction across the world. Livestock’s responds to the heat stress via different mechanisms such as behavioral, physiological, biochemical, endocrine and molecular mechanisms. Amongst the aforementioned mechanisms, molecular mechanism plays crucial role to achieve thermo-tolerance via expression of highly conserved family of proteins known as heat shock proteins (HSPs) across livestock species. HSPs serve as molecular chaperones to ameliorate the menace of heat stress in domestic species. In addition, microRNAs are small non-coding RNA which down regulates post-transcriptional gene expression by targeting various HSPs to regulate the thermoregulatory responses in livestock species. Despite of thermal adaptation mechanisms, heat stress breaches animal body homeostasis thereby depresses their production and productivity. Therefore, veterinary researches have been targeting to explore different repertoire of HSPs and microRNAs expression to counteract the rigors of heat stress thereby confer thermo-tolerance in livestock species. The present review highlights the significance of molecular chaperones and microRNAs in the acquisition of thermo-tolerance in dairy cattle.

摘要

环境温度被认为是调节全球所有生物的身体生理机制的主要非生物因素。模拟热中性区的环境温度变化最终导致热应力。热应激已成为全球牲畜生长、发育、生产和繁殖的主要最后通牒。牲畜通过行为、生理、生化、内分泌和分子机制等不同机制对热应激作出反应。在上述机制中，分子机制通过在牲畜物种中表达高度保守的称为热休克蛋白 (HSP) 的蛋白质家族来实现耐热性起着至关重要的作用。HSP 作为分子伴侣来缓解家养物种的热应激威胁。此外，microRNAs 是小的非编码 RNA，通过靶向各种 HSP 来调节家畜物种的体温调节反应，从而下调转录后基因的表达。尽管有热适应机制，但热应激破坏了动物体内的稳态，从而抑制了它们的生产和生产力。因此，兽医研究一直致力于探索不同的 HSP 和 microRNA 表达谱，以抵消热应激的严酷性，从而赋予家畜物种的耐热性。本综述强调了分子伴侣和 microRNA 在获得奶牛耐热性方面的重要性。尽管有热适应机制，但热应激破坏了动物体内的稳态，从而抑制了它们的生产和生产力。因此，兽医研究一直致力于探索不同的 HSP 和 microRNA 表达谱，以抵消热应激的严酷性，从而赋予家畜物种的耐热性。本综述强调了分子伴侣和 microRNA 在获得奶牛耐热性方面的重要性。尽管有热适应机制，但热应激破坏了动物体内的稳态，从而抑制了它们的生产和生产力。因此，兽医研究一直致力于探索不同的 HSP 和 microRNA 表达谱，以抵消热应激的严酷性，从而赋予家畜物种的耐热性。本综述强调了分子伴侣和 microRNA 在获得奶牛耐热性方面的重要性。