Abstract

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has now spread to all corners of the world. It causes severe respiratory syndromes which is one of the leading causes of death. Evidence shows that the novel SARS-CoV-2 has close similarities with other coronaviruses, SARS and MERS. So, SARS-CoV-2 might use the similar mechanisms of these viruses to attack the host cells. The severity of COVID-19 is associated with various factors, one of the major reasons is immune dysregulation or immune suppression. Immunity plays a significant role in maintaining the body in a healthy condition. In order to induce a timely immune response against the invaded pathogens, both innate and adaptive immunity must be in an active state. During the viral infection, there will be an excessive generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines known as cytokine storm and also, the antiviral agents in the body gets inhibited or inactivated through viral mechanisms. Thus, this might be the reason for the transition from mild symptoms to more severe medical conditions which leads to an immediate need for the invention of a new medicine.This review aims to show the host-viral interaction along with immune response, antiviral mechanism and effectiveness of oral low dose cytokines against the virus as a therapeutic approach.

摘要

新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）大流行现已蔓延到世界各个角落。它导致严重的呼吸综合症，这是导致死亡的主要原因之一。有证据表明，新型SARS-CoV-2与其他冠状病毒，SARS和MERS具有相似的相似性。因此，SARS-CoV-2可能使用这些病毒的类似机制来攻击宿主细胞。COVID-19的严重程度与多种因素有关，主要原因之一是免疫失调或免疫抑制。免疫在维持身体健康方面起着重要作用。为了及时诱导针对入侵病原体的免疫反应，先天免疫和适应性免疫都必须处于活跃状态。在病毒感染期间，会产生过多的促炎性细胞因子，称为细胞因子风暴，此外，体内的抗病毒剂会通过病毒机制被抑制或失活。因此，这可能是从轻度症状转变为更严重的医学状况的原因，导致迫切需要发明一种新药物。本综述旨在显示宿主与病毒之间的相互作用以及免疫应答，抗病毒机制和口服低剂量细胞因子对抗病毒的疗效作为一种治疗方法。