Abstract

Radiofrequency radiation (RFR) is a type of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that includes radiowaves and microwaves with a frequency range between 3 KHz and 300 GHz. Mobile phones operate with RFR and are used tremendously resulting in increased and continuous exposure of humans to these radiations. On the other hand, nanoparticles are also being used extensively in various fields. The increasing use of radiofrequency radiations and nanoparticles has become a concern to the general public. Not many studies have reported the cumulative effect of these stressors. Hence, the present investigation was aimed to find out their cumulative effect on the mammalian system. In this study manganese nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized and characterized. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to MNPs and mobile phone radiation for 45 days and their separate, as well as cumulative impact, was investigated. The effect of the MNPs and RFR on liver, kidney, and reproductive parameters were studied. Histopathology as well as liver and kidney parameters were altered when exposed to MNPs and RFR separately. However, their combined treatment did not show a synergistic toxic response in liver and kidney functions which may be due to the fact that the radiation level is low, specific absorption rate (SAR) is subthermal (0.04 W/kg) and liver and kidney are located intra abdominally, hence they would absorb comparatively lesser radiation than the testicles. MNPs and RFR both caused a highly significant decrease in sperm count, which further decreased in the combined treatment (MNPs + RFR). These results indicate that the combined treatment of these stressors can have an additive toxic response to the male reproductive system.

摘要

射频辐射 (RFR) 是一种非电离电磁辐射，包括频率范围在 3 KHz 和 300 GHz 之间的无线电波和微波。移动电话以 RFR 运行并被大量使用，导致人类不断增加和持续暴露于这些辐射中。另一方面，纳米粒子也被广泛应用于各个领域。越来越多地使用射频辐射和纳米粒子已成为公众关注的问题。没有多少研究报告这些压力源的累积效应。因此，本研究旨在找出它们对哺乳动物系统的累积影响。在这项研究中，合成并表征了锰纳米粒子 (MNP)。成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠暴露于 MNPs 和手机辐射 45 天，并研究了它们的单独影响以及累积影响。研究了 MNP 和 RFR 对肝脏、肾脏和生殖参数的影响。当分别暴露于 MNP 和 RFR 时，组织病理学以及肝脏和肾脏参数发生了变化。然而，它们的联合治疗在肝肾功能中没有显示出协同毒性反应，这可能是由于辐射水平低、比吸收率 (SAR) 低于热 (0.04 W/kg) 和肝肾位于腹腔内，因此它们吸收的辐射比睾丸要少。MNPs 和 RFR 均导致精子数量显着减少，这在联合治疗 (MNPs + RFR) 中进一步减少。