Abstract Phylogeography and landscape genetics combines molecular genetics with geography, ecology, and evolutionary biology to develop an understanding of patterns in the spatial distributions of biological diversity. The two disciplines bring together advanced molecular and geospatial tools providing a critical insight on issues that are vital to the field of biogeography, including how and where biodiversity arises, how species respond to changing climates, and how and where conservation efforts should be focused. Although two fields can be considered as merely the fusion of classic biogeography with genetics and genomics, yet both differ in their level of spatial, temporal and system scales along with analytical tools utilized. At the same time, the unique combination of different scientific disciplines and methodical approaches pose a challenge to many researchers who wish to conduct a study at the interface of phylogeography and landscape genetics. A synthesis of the phylogeographic literature presented in this review solely based on the examination of studies that deals with Quaternary climatic oscillations and species’ range dynamics across the Palearctic. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the conceptual framework and recent methodological advances in two disciplines and highlights main points to be taken into account while designing a study that represents a window to the past and an opportunity to predict the fate of species due to ongoing climatic and landscape change.

中文翻译：

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设计系统地理学和景观遗传研究的概念框架

摘要 系统地理学和景观遗传学将分子遗传学与地理学、生态学和进化生物学相结合，以了解生物多样性空间分布的模式。这两个学科汇集了先进的分子和地理空间工具，为对生物地理学领域至关重要的问题提供了批判性的见解，包括生物多样性的产生方式和地点，物种如何应对气候变化，以及保护工作应该如何和在哪里关注。虽然这两个领域可以被视为仅仅是经典生物地理学与遗传学和基因组学的融合，但两者在空间、时间和系统尺度以及所使用的分析工具方面存在差异。同时，不同科学学科和有条不紊方法的独特组合对许多希望在系统地理学和景观遗传学的界面上进行研究的研究人员构成了挑战。本综述中介绍的系统地理学文献的综合仅基于对古北地区第四纪气候振荡和物种范围动态研究的审查。这篇综述全面概述了两个学科的概念框架和最近的方法学进展，并强调了在设计一项研究时需要考虑的要点，该研究代表了过去的窗口，并有机会预测由于持续气候变化而导致的物种命运。和景观变化。