While the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) is recognized to have both genetic and environmental components, little is known about these complex interactions. The microbiome has recently been recognized as an environmental factor that contributes to MS. In Montgomery et al. (1), the authors harnessed the natural genetic diversity between B6 mice, PWD/PhJ (PWD) wild-derived mice, and a panel of 27 B6.Chr^PWD consomic mice to investigate gene plus microbiome interactions. They identified chromosomes that affected disease susceptibility and also identified microbes that increased disease severity in disease-susceptible hosts. They found that while the PWD mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), these mice surprisingly harbor a microbiota that increases central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity when transferred into the genetically susceptible B6 mice (Fig. 1). This study advances the field by illustrating an important point: that altered microbiota alone may not be sufficient to cause MS, but rather, a perfect storm of host genetic risk plus specific microbes triggers CNS autoimmunity.

中文翻译：

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微生物组需要遗传易感的宿主才能诱导中枢神经系统自身免疫[免疫学和炎症]

尽管发展为多发性硬化症（MS）的风险被认为具有遗传和环境因素，但对这些复杂的相互作用知之甚少。微生物组最近被认为是导致MS的环境因素。在蒙哥马利等人。（1）中，作者利用，B6小鼠之间的自然遗传多样性，PWD / PHJ（PWD）野生衍生的小鼠和27 B6.Chr的面板^PWD来研究基因和微生物组之间的相互作用。他们确定了影响疾病易感性的染色体，还发现了在疾病易感宿主中增加疾病严重性的微生物。他们发现，尽管PWD小鼠对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）具有抗性，但这些小鼠出人意料地具有微生物群，当转移到遗传易感性B6小鼠中时，该微生物群会增强中枢神经系统（CNS）自身免疫性（图1）。这项研究通过阐明一个重要点来推动该领域的发展：仅改变微生物群可能不足以引起MS，但是，宿主遗传风险加特定微生物的完美风暴会触发CNS自身免疫。