Surgical implantation of transmitters into the coelomic cavity is a common attachment technique for ducks and geese. Although retention rates are assumed to be high, most studies utilizing this attachment method involve tracking in a system where low rates of recapture, resight, or recovery limit the ability of researchers to assess tag loss. We describe the extrusion and loss of coelomic radiotransmitters with percutaneous antennas from adult Hawaiian ducks (Anas wyvilliana; n = 117) monitored throughout the entire annual cycle on Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i, USA during December 2012–December 2014. Transmitter retention through 6 months following implantation was high (98 ± 2%). However, the probability of transmitter loss increased substantially afterward, and birds had a 30 ± 5% cumulative probability of losing implants within 1 year. Probability of transmitter loss did not vary between sexes or with body mass. The recapture rate of birds known to have lost tags (0.13 ± 0.08 [SE]) did not differ from birds with known fates (i.e., survived or died) that retained transmitters (0.12 ± 0.06; P = 0.72), suggesting transmitter extrusion did not influence short‐term survival (i.e., <1 yr). Examinations of recaptured and resighted birds indicated transmitters were extruded through the exit site of the percutaneous antenna and through the body wall in the ventromedial coelomic region. For studies spanning >6 months, researchers should be aware of the possibility for transmitter loss and integrate, where possible, methods to assess retention. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译：

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夏威夷鸭对腔内无线电发射器的挤压

将发射器通过外科手术植入到腔腔中是鸭和鹅的常见附着技术。尽管假定保留率很高，但是大多数利用这种附件方法的研究都涉及在系统中进行跟踪，在该系统中，较低的重新捕获，查看或恢复率限制了研究人员评估标签丢失的能力。我们描述了成年夏威夷鸭（Anas wyvilliana ; n = 117）在2012年12月至2014年12月期间在美国夏威夷的考艾岛进行了整个年度周期的监测。植入后6个月内的变送器保留率很高（98±2％）。但是，此后发射器丢失的可能性大大增加，鸟类在1年内累积了30±5％的植入物丢失概率。性别或体重不同，发射机丢失的可能性没有变化。已知丢失标签（0.13±0.08 [SE]）的家禽的再捕获率与具有已知命运（即存活或死亡）但保留了发射机的家禽（0.12±0.06；P）没有差异 = 0.72），表明发射器挤压不影响短期生存（即<1年）。对重新捕获的鸟类和重新看见的鸟类进行的检查表明，发射器被挤压通过经皮触角的出口部位，并穿过腹膜腔区域的体壁。对于超过6个月的研究，研究人员应意识到可能会丢失变送器，并在可能的情况下整合评估保留的方法。©2020野生动物协会。