The growing number of bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs) alongside exchange rate volatility has raised a question on whether these affect exporters’ pricing behaviors, hence competitiveness. This study contributes to this topic by examining Australian dairy export price behavior across eight major markets taking into account the extent of pass‐through of exchange rate and tariff as well as FTAs between Australia and its trading partners. Commodity‐level dairy trade data from 1996 to 2016 and the feasible generalized least squares methods are employed. The study finds incomplete pass‐through at the industry level. The dairy export prices decrease by 1.7% if Australian dollar depreciates by 10%, while 10% tariff reduction is associated with 0.7% export price cut. Results at the commodity level show different pricing behaviors across destination and commodity markets. Overall, apart from the tariff effects, there is minimal evidence of the impacts of FTAs on dairy export prices.

中文翻译：

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自由贸易协定，汇率传递和出口价格行为–澳大利亚乳业的经验教训

双边和区域自由贸易协定（FTA）的数量不断增加，加上汇率的波动，引发了一个问题，即这些协定是否会影响出口商的定价行为，从而影响竞争力。这项研究通过考察澳大利亚和其贸易伙伴之间的汇率和关税以及自由贸易协定的通过程度，研究了八个主要市场的澳大利亚乳制品出口价格行为，从而为这一主题做出了贡献。使用1996年至2016年的商品级乳品贸易数据以及可行的广义最小二乘法。该研究发现行业层面的传递不完全。如果澳元贬值10％，乳制品出口价格将下降1.7％，而关税降低10％则意味着出口价格下降0.7％。在商品一级的结果表明，目的地和商品市场上的定价行为不同。总体而言，除关税影响外，几乎没有证据表明自由贸易协定对乳制品出口价格的影响。