Diesel engines play a vital role in the transportation sector. Ternary blends of alcohol, biodiesel, and diesel have the potential to improve diesel engine combustion and emissions. In the current work, three different types of alcohols; n‐butanol, n‐heptanol, and n‐octanol were added to biodiesel/diesel blends to improve diesel engine performance, combustion, and emissions. The biodiesel was produced from used frying oil (UFO) by ultrasonic enhanced transesterification to achieve the highest yield, lowest viscosity, and minimum production time. Three ternary fuels containing 10 vol% (n‐butanol or n‐heptanol or n‐octanol), 10 vol% UFO biodiesel, and 80 vol% diesel were tested using diesel engine at 25%, 50%, and 75% load conditions. Thermogravimetric analysis of the ternary blends proved the enhancement in the vaporization characteristics compared with biodiesel and diesel fuels; the lighter the alcohol, the faster the vaporization rate but with longer ignition delay which enhanced the premixed burning mode. The specific fuel consumption increased by up to 6% with a slight reduction in thermal efficiency (≈1%) when n‐octanol was used while n‐butanol and n‐heptanol showed comparable values to neat diesel. Ternary blends showed a reduction in smoke opacity, NO_x, CO, and CO₂ by up to 38%, 11%, 35%, and 14% compared with diesel, while the lowest emissions were attained for the addition of n‐heptanol.

中文翻译：

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添加正丁醇，正庚醇和正辛醇，以改善DICI发动机中柴油/废油生物柴油混合物的蒸发，燃烧和排放特性

柴油机在运输领域起着至关重要的作用。酒精，生物柴油和柴油的三元混合物具有改善柴油发动机燃烧和排放的潜力。在当前的工作中，三种不同类型的酒精；将正丁醇，正庚醇和正辛醇添加到生物柴油/柴油混合物中，以改善柴油机的性能，燃烧和排放。该生物柴油是由废煎炸油（UFO）通过超声增强的酯交换反应制得的，以实现最高的收率，最低的粘度和最短的生产时间。使用柴油发动机在25％，50％和75％的负载条件下测试了三种含10％（正丁醇或正庚醇或正辛醇），10％（体积）UFO生物柴油和80％（体积）柴油的三元燃料。对三元混合物的热重分析表明，与生物柴油和柴油燃料相比，汽化特性得到了增强。酒精越轻，汽化速度越快，但点火延迟时间更长，从而增强了预混燃烧模式。当使用正辛醇时，单位燃料消耗增加了6％，热效率略有降低（≈1％），而正丁醇和正庚醇的价格可与纯柴油相媲美。三元混合物显示烟气不透明度降低，NO 当使用正辛醇时，单位燃料消耗增加了6％，热效率略有降低（≈1％），而正丁醇和正庚醇的价格可与纯柴油相媲美。三元混合物显示烟气不透明度降低，NO 当使用正辛醇时，单位燃料消耗增加了6％，热效率略有降低（≈1％），而正丁醇和正庚醇的价格可与纯柴油相媲美。三元混合物显示烟气不透明度降低，NO与柴油相比，_x，CO和CO ₂的含量分别高达38％，11％，35％和14％，而添加正庚醇的排放量最低。