Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) is a highly invasive perennial C₃ weed from South America. It grows in most soil conditions, can resist fire and frost, and is unpalatable to grazing animals. Each plant can produce up to 140,000 seeds annually, and together, these characteristics make it a damaging landscape weed. It has diminished the agricultural carrying capacity of pastures in south‐eastern Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and emerging populations have now been identified in Europe and the United States, and bioclimatic models suggest its distribution could significantly expand within these regions in the near future. Research into control methods for this weed has been explored, and these include herbicides applied alone and in combination, the establishment of plant competition, the introduction of seed mitigation fencing, grazing management and exclusion zones, specific biological management and alteration of soil composition. Currently, the most effective and widely used control method is the residual herbicide flupropanate (2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropanoic acid). This review will investigate the ecology, distribution, current control techniques and past research on this species, and make recommendations for future research and management.

中文翻译：

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生态学，分布和控制入侵性杂草Nassella trichotoma（Nees）Hack。ex Arechav .：对当前和未来挑战的全球回顾

Nassella trichotoma（锯齿状的丛状）是一种侵袭性强的常年性C ₃来自南美的杂草。它可以在大多数土壤条件下生长，可以抵抗火和霜冻，不适合放牧动物。每棵植物每年最多可生产140,000粒种子，这些特征共同构成了一种有害的景观杂草。它削弱了澳大利亚东南部，新西兰和南非的牧场的农业承载能力，现在已经在欧洲和美国发现了新兴种群，生物气候模型表明其分布可能会在附近这些地区显着扩大未来。已经探索了对该杂草的防治方法的研究，其中包括单独或组合使用除草剂，建立植物竞争，引入种子缓解栅栏，放牧管理和禁区，具体的生物管理和土壤成分的改变。目前，最有效和广泛使用的控制方法是残留的除草剂氟丙烷酸酯（2,2,3,3-四氟丙酸）。这篇综述将调查该物种的生态学，分布，当前的控制技术和过去的研究，并为今后的研究和管理提供建议。