Variation in age at maturity is an important contributor to life history and demographic variation within and among species. The optimal age at maturity can vary by sex, and the ability of each sex to evolve towards its fitness optimum depends on the genetic architecture of maturation. Using GWAS of RAD sequencing data, we show that age at maturity in Chinook salmon exhibits sex‐specific genetic architecture, with age at maturity in males influenced by large (up to 20 Mb) male‐specific haplotypes. These regions showed no such effect in females. We also provide evidence for translocation of the sex‐determining gene between two different chromosomes. This has important implications for sexually antagonistic selection, particularly that sex linkage of adaptive genes may differ within and among populations based on chromosomal location of the sex‐determining gene. Our findings will facilitate research into the genetic causes of shifting demography in Chinook salmon as well as a better understanding of sex determination in this species and Pacific salmon in general.

中文翻译：

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决定性别的移动区域，雄性单倍型和饲养环境影响奇努克鲑鱼的成熟年龄

成熟期的年龄变化是物种内以及物种间生活史和人口统计学变化的重要因素。成熟期的最佳年龄可能因性别而异，并且每种性别向其最佳适应性进化的能力取决于成熟的遗传结构。使用RAD的GWAS序列数据，我们显示了奇努克鲑鱼的成熟年龄表现出性别特异性的遗传结构，而雄性成熟年龄则受大（最多20 Mb）雄性特异性单倍型的影响。这些区域对女性没有显示出这种作用。我们还提供了两个不同染色体之间性别决定基因易位的证据。这对性对抗选择具有重要意义，尤其是根据性别决定基因的染色体位置，适应性基因的性别连锁可能在人群内部和人群之间有所不同。我们的发现将有助于研究奇努克鲑鱼人口变化的遗传原因，以及更好地了解该物种和太平洋鲑鱼的性别决定。