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T cell immunobiology and cytokine storm of COVID‐19
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 , DOI: 10.1111/sji.12989
Xiao-Hua Luo 1 , Yan Zhu 2 , Jian Mao 1 , Rui-Chan Du 1
Affiliation  

2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) presents as a newly recognized pneumonia and could rapidly progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome which has brought about a global pandemic. Until now, no curative therapy has been strongly recommended for COVID‐19 except for personalized supportive care. T cells and virus‐specific T cells are essential to protect against virus infection, including COVID‐19. Delayed immune reconstitution (IR) and cytokine storm (CS) remain serious obstacles for the cure of COVID‐19. Most COVID‐19 patients, especially among elderly patients, had marked lymphopenia and increased neutrophils, but T cell counts in severe COVID‐19 patients surviving the disease gradually restored later. Elevated pro‐inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐2 and IL‐17, and exhausted T cells are found in peripheral blood and the lungs. It suggests that Thymosin α1 and adoptive COVID‐19‐specific T cells could improve IR, while convalescent plasma, IL‐6 blockade, mesenchymal stem cells and corticosteroids could suppress CS. More clinical studies in this field worldwide are urgently warranted to pave the way for therapy of COVID‐19 in the future.

中文翻译:

COVID-19 的 T 细胞免疫生物学和细胞因子风暴

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 表现为一种新认​​识的肺炎,并可能迅速发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征,从而导致全球大流行。到目前为止,除了个性化的支持治疗外,没有强烈推荐对 COVID-19 进行治疗。T 细胞和病毒特异性 T 细胞对于防止包括 COVID-19 在内的病毒感染至关重要。延迟免疫重建 (IR) 和细胞因子风暴 (CS) 仍然是治愈 COVID-19 的严重障碍。大多数 COVID-19 患者,尤其是老年患者,有明显的淋巴细胞减少和中性粒细胞增多,但幸存下来的重症 COVID-19 患者的 T 细胞计数后来逐渐恢复。升高的促炎细胞因子,特别是 IL-6、IL-10、IL-2 和 IL-17,在外周血和肺中发现耗尽的 T 细胞。这表明胸腺素 α1 和过继性 COVID-19 特异性 T 细胞可以改善 IR,而恢复期血浆、IL-6 阻断、间充质干细胞和皮质类固醇可以抑制 CS。迫切需要在全球范围内开展更多该领域的临床研究,为未来治疗 COVID-19 铺平道路。
更新日期:2020-10-28
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