Brazilian ironstone outcrops (cangas) are nutrient‐poor stressful habitat dominated by slow‐growing woody species with high biodiversity and unique evolutionary history. Mining has produced great impacts on this ecosystem. Spontaneous regeneration of abandoned canga mined areas has not been observed. One of the active methods most widely used for ecological restoration in environments where soil has been lost or severely degraded is topsoil transposition due to the physical, chemical, and microbiological improvement of the substrate, in addition to the seed bank. Thus, plant succession was monitored for 40 months after topsoil transposition in a canga area degraded by aluminum mining, without any other type of management. A completely randomized design with 70 permanent plots (1 × 1 m) was used. Annual phytosociological surveys were carried out and floristic and vegetational spectra were constructed with the life‐forms proposed by Raunkiaer. Floristic composition was compared with a reference site. Overall, 105 species were identified. Both flora and vegetation changed over time, increasing resemblance to the reference areas. The floristic and vegetational spectra after 4 years of topsoil deposition are similar to pristine ones. The vegetation spectrum showed an increase in the dominance of phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes, while therophytes reduced their proportion. The early successional stage is dominated by weeds, like in other canga restoration studies, but did not impede the native species regeneration. Cangas's species recruited well from transposed topsoil. Unlike other studies with fertilized topsoil, our findings show the efficiency of topsoil transposition to provide initial conditions for the ecological restoration of this ecosystem.

中文翻译：

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铝土矿开采退化地区的生态演替表明表土的成功利用

巴西铁矿露头（坎加斯）是营养贫乏的栖息地，以生物多样性高，进化史独特的生长缓慢的木本物种为主。采矿对该生态系统产生了巨大影响。尚未观察到废弃高加索矿区的自发再生。在土壤流失或严重退化的环境中，最广泛用于生态恢复的有效方法之一是除种子库以外，由于基质的物理，化学和微生物学改善，表土易位。因此，在canga表土移位后，对植物演替进行了40个月的监测铝矿开采导致的土地退化，无需任何其他类型的管理。使用具有70个永久样地（1×1 m）的完全随机设计。进行了年度植物社会学调查，并根据Raunkiaer提出的生命形式构建了植物和植物谱。将植物组成与参考部位进行了比较。总体而言，已鉴定出105种。植物群和植被都随时间而变化，与参考区域的相似度增加。表土沉积4年后的植物区系和植被谱与原始的相似。植被谱显示，斑节植物和半隐植物的优势度增加，而附生植物的比例降低。像其他小加羚羊一样，接班初期由杂草控制。恢复研究，但不妨碍本地物种的再生。坎加斯（Cangas）的物种从转位表土中吸收良好。与其他有关受精表土的研究不同，我们的研究结果表明，表土移位的效率为该生态系统的生态恢复提供了初始条件。