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Converting alfalfa pasture into annual cropland achieved high productivity and kept soil organic carbon in a semiarid area
Land Degradation & Development ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 , DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3808
Xu‐Long Zhang 1 , Yang‐Yang Zhao 1 , Wen‐Juan Gao 2 , Xin Song 1 , Xin‐Tan Zhang 1 , Xiao‐Yan Shi 1 , Feng‐Min Li 1
Affiliation  

Converting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) into annual cropland (rotated cropland, RC) is commonly done to reuse degraded alfalfa pasture. However, it is a big challenge for RC to achieve high productivity and maintain high soil organic carbon (SOC) to the levels achieved by previous alfalfa pasture. We converted a long‐term alfalfa pasture into RC in 2010, and studied the effects of fertilization on soil moisture, crop productivity, and SOC in the RC and in continuous cropland (CC), both under plastic film mulching, from 2010 to 2018. Before the conversion, alfalfa pasture had a higher SOC (12.3%) and total N (7.7%) than CC. However, not only severe soil desiccation occurred, but the available P and inorganic‐N were only about 39.4 and 25.1% of levels for CC. After the conversion, soil moisture in RC (measured at 0–0.6 m depth) was up to CC levels only after 1 year, and was restored to 95.3 and 69.2% of CC levels at 0.6–2 and 2–5 m depths only after 9 years. Crop yield and biomass in RCF (RC with fertilization) were comparable to those for CCF (CC with fertilization) after two years from conversion due to the increased available P and inorganic‐N, and sufficient soil moisture restoration at 0–0.6 m depath. SOC in RC decreased by 8.1% over the 9 years, while RCF consistently kept SOC levels up to those of pre‐conversion alfalfa pasture. These findings help to eliminate concerns about the continuously low production and rapid decline of SOC in croplands converted from alfalfa and suggest ways to support sustainable high‐productivity and high SOC sequestration in dryland farming.

中文翻译:

将苜蓿草转化为一年生农田获得了高产,并使土壤有机碳保持在半干旱地区

转换苜蓿(紫花苜蓿L.)转化为一年生农田(轮作农田,RC)以重复利用退化的苜蓿草场。但是,RC要实现高生产力并将高土壤有机碳(SOC)维持在以前的苜蓿牧场所能达到的水平,这是一个巨大的挑战。我们于2010年将长期的苜蓿草场改建为RC,并研究了从2010年到2018年,在覆膜的情况下,施肥对RC和连续农田(CC)中土壤水分,作物生产力和SOC的影响。转换之前,苜蓿牧场的SOC(12.3%)和总氮(7.7%)比CC高。但是,不仅发生了严重的土壤干燥,而且有效磷和无机氮仅为CC水平的39.4%和25.1%。转换后,仅在1年后,RC中的土壤水分(在0-0.6 m深度处测量)才达到CC水平,仅在9年之后,在0.6–2和2–5 m深度处恢复到CC水平的95.3%和69.2%。转换后两年,RCF(施肥的RC)的作物产量和生物量可与CCF(施肥的CC)的作物和生物量相提并论,这是由于有效磷和无机氮的增加以及0-0.6 m弯道处土壤水分的充分恢复。在过去的9年中,RC的SOC下降了8.1%,而RCF始终将SOC的水平保持在转化前苜蓿牧场的水平。这些发现有助于消除人们对从苜蓿种植而来的农田中SOC持续低产和快速下降的担忧,并为支持旱地农业中可持续的高产和高SOC固存提供了途径。转换后两年,RCF(施肥的RC)的作物产量和生物量可与CCF(施肥的CC)的作物和生物量相提并论,这是由于有效磷和无机氮的增加以及0-0.6 m弯道处土壤水分的充分恢复。在过去的9年中,RC的SOC下降了8.1%,而RCF始终将SOC的水平保持在转化前苜蓿牧场的水平。这些发现有助于消除人们对从苜蓿种植而来的农田中SOC持续低产和快速下降的担忧,并为支持旱地农业中可持续的高产和高SOC固存提供了途径。转换后两年,RCF(施肥的RC)的作物产量和生物量可与CCF(施肥的CC)的作物和生物量相提并论,这是由于有效磷和无机氮的增加以及0-0.6 m弯道处土壤水分的充分恢复。在过去的9年中,RC的SOC下降了8.1%,而RCF始终将SOC的水平保持在转化前苜蓿牧场的水平。这些发现有助于消除人们对从苜蓿种植而来的农田中SOC持续低产和快速下降的担忧,并提出支持旱地农业可持续高产和高SOC固存的方法。在过去的9年中,RCF始终将SOC的水平保持在转化前苜蓿草场的水平,而在过去9年中仅为1%。这些发现有助于消除人们对从苜蓿种植而来的农田中SOC持续低产和快速下降的担忧,并为支持旱地农业中可持续的高产和高SOC固存提供了途径。在过去的9年中,RCF始终将SOC的水平保持在转化前苜蓿草场的水平,而在过去9年中仅为1%。这些发现有助于消除人们对从苜蓿种植而来的农田中SOC持续低产和快速下降的担忧,并为支持旱地农业中可持续的高产和高SOC固存提供了途径。
更新日期:2020-10-30
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