The Amazon region has suffered considerable deforestation rates related to logging, cattle ranching, and agriculture. Recently, attention has been given to deforestation due to mining activities. This paper aims to estimate the land area affected by mining activities in protected and nonprotected areas, the value of the traded mineral extraction per commodity, and the mineral commodity with the highest trade (mineral extraction per mining area). Our results show that mining activities occupied 1,110 km² of the Amazon, where 65% and 35% of this was due to artisanal and industrial‐scale mining, respectively. Gold exploitation was responsible for 58% of the total, followed by aluminum (15%), tin (13%), and iron (8%). In the region, 47% of the total mining area was located inside protected areas, where extraction was dominated by artisanal gold mining. The Amazonian states generated US$ 12.6 billion in 2017. Analysis of the values of the traded production showed that iron was responsible for 63.6%, followed by copper (16.2%), aluminum (7.6%), and gold (6.5%). The value of the traded production of gold was relatively low (US$ 810 million) in comparison to iron (US$ 8.01 billion) and copper (US$ 2.04 billion), which occupied the smallest areas. The value of the traded production per area showed that iron ore exploitation generated US$ 91.8 million/km², while gold generated only 1.3 million/km². We conclude that the industrial mining of iron ore presented the lowest impacts in mining areas with higher traded mineral extraction, while artisanal gold production ran contrary to environmental conservation goals.

中文翻译：

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亚马逊地区官方矿产开采的土地利用强度：经济和空间数据的链接

亚马逊地区遭受了与伐木，牲畜饲养和农业有关的毁林率。近来，由于采矿活动而引起的森林砍伐已引起关注。本文旨在估计受保护区和非保护区采矿活动影响的土地面积，每种商品交易的矿产开采价值以及贸易量最高的矿物商品（每个矿区的矿产开采）。我们的结果表明，采矿活动占据了1,110 km ²亚马逊地区，其中65％和35％分别来自手工和工业规模采矿。黄金开采量占总量的58％，其次是铝（15％），锡（13％）和铁（8％）。在该地区，总开采面积的47％位于保护区内，在这里，开采主要是手工金矿开采。亚马逊州在2017年创造了126亿美元的收入。对交易产值的分析表明，铁占63.6％，其次是铜（16.2％），铝（7.6％）和金（6.5％）。与交易面积最小的铁（80.1亿美元）和铜（20.4亿美元）相比，黄金的交易产值相对较低（8.1亿美元）。单位面积交易产品的价值表明，铁矿石开采产生了9,180万美元/公里²，而黄金仅产生130万/ km ²。我们得出的结论是，在矿产交易量较高的矿区中，铁矿石的工业开采影响最小，而手工金矿生产却违反了环境保护目标。