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The importance of wetland margin microhabitat mosaics; the case of shorebirds and thermoregulation
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-25 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13769
Julia Ryeland 1, 2 , Michael A. Weston 1, 2 , Matthew R. E. Symonds 1, 2
Affiliation  

  1. Wetlands, and the species that rely upon them, are under significant threat world‐wide, with wetlands often being completely removed or drastically altered. Successful wetland management requires an understanding of the interactions between wetland species and the microhabitats they use. The use of microhabitats for thermoregulation in wetland species is poorly studied, though anthropogenic influence on wetlands can reduce the diversity of microhabitats and thus the thermoregulatory options for animals. At high ambient temperatures birds may use the water‐logged wetland margins to help with thermoregulation, and are often observed roosting in the sitting position within this microhabitat. However, whether sitting on the wet substrate helps in thermoregulation is unknown.
  2. In this study, we tested whether birds selectively use microhabitats across temperatures by conducting field observations of nine species of shorebirds. We use comparative analysis to determine whether birds roost more on wet substrate in the sitting posture, that is, wet‐sitting’, at high ambient temperatures.
  3. We found substrate type across the wetland margins to be important in shorebird thermoregulation, with the time spent sitting being significantly mediated by the substrate on which the bird roosted. Individuals tended to sit on bare, wet ground much more under high ambient temperatures compared with low ambient temperatures. Vegetation on the other hand was used similarly across temperatures, and likely does not provide the same thermoregulatory benefits.
  4. By roosting on wet substrate at high ambient temperatures, birds may increase the potential for heat dissipation across the uninsulated legs, as water‐logged wetland margins are known to remain cooler than the ambient temperature or vegetated microhabitats under hot climatic conditions.
  5. Synthesis and applications. Wetland creation and management requires an understanding of the functional significance of such microhabitats, not only for foraging and breeding, but also for roosting. We demonstrate that managing wetland margins is likely important in minimising heat stress in birds, with our findings emphasising the importance of maintaining open spaces in habitat mosaics for birds to use for thermoregulation. The ability of wetland species to manage heat stress is becoming exceedingly important as they are threatened by both decreased wetland availability and increasing ambient temperatures under climate change.


中文翻译:

湿地边缘微生境镶嵌的重要性;水鸟和温度调节的情况

  1. 湿地及其赖以生存的物种在全球范围内都受到严重威胁,湿地常常被完全清除或被彻底改变。成功的湿地管理需要了解湿地物种与其所使用的微生境之间的相互作用。尽管人为因素对湿地的影响可以减少微生境的多样性,从而减少动物的温度调节选择,但对湿地物种中的微生境进行温度调节的研究却很少。在较高的环境温度下,鸟类可能会利用淹水的湿地边缘来帮助调节温度,并且经常观察到这种栖息地中栖息地栖息。然而,尚不清楚是否坐在湿的基材上有助于温度调节。
  2. 在这项研究中,我们通过对9种水鸟进行实地观察,测试了鸟类是否在温度范围内选择性地使用了微生境。我们使用比较分析来确定鸟类是否在较高的环境温度下以坐姿(即湿坐”)更多地栖息在潮湿的基质上。
  3. 我们发现,湿地边缘的底物类型对水鸟的体温调节很重要,坐着的时间受鸟栖息的底物显着调节。与较低的环境温度相比,在较高的环境温度下,人们倾向于更多地坐在裸露的湿地上。另一方面,在整个温度范围内,植被的使用方式相似,并且可能无法提供相同的温度调节效果。
  4. 通过在较高的环境温度下将其栖息在潮湿的底物上,禽类可能会增加未绝缘腿的散热潜力,因为众所周知,在炎热的气候条件下,浸水的湿地边缘仍比环境温度或植被微生境凉爽。
  5. 综合与应用。湿地的创造和管理需要了解这种微生境的功能意义,不仅对于觅食和繁殖,而且对于栖息地。我们证明了控制湿地边缘可能对最大程度地降低鸟类的热应激很重要,我们的发现强调了保持栖息地马赛克中开放空间供鸟类用于温度调节的重要性。湿地物种应对热胁迫的能力变得越来越重要,因为在气候变化下,湿地物种的可利用性下降和环境温度升高都对它们构成了威胁。
更新日期:2020-10-25
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