MOFs are among the most popular precursors and templates for deriving various porous materials, where the derivatives can inherit a large surface area, abundant active sites for targeted functionalities and a high degree of porosity inherited from their parent MOFs. Those unique structural features make them promising candidates in multiple applications. More interestingly, the structure and properties of these MOF derivatives can be modulated by the choice of the parent MOFs and the design in the conversion process. In this overview, the transformation pathways from MOFs into their porous derivatives, the principles underlying these transformations, and the behavior of the MOF components in the transition process are discussed. Recently, there has been tremendous progress in preserving and enhancing the surface area, the amount of active sites and the level of porosity of the MOF-derived materials for targeted applications, from the perspectives of both customizing the parent MOFs and tailoring the transformation process. To develop the rationally designed MOF-derived materials and thus to elucidate the precursor-process-product correlations, some typical examples of the MOF derivatives applied in electrochemical energy storage and conversion, water treatment, gas sensing, and biomedicine are discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the key design strategies.

MOF是用于衍生各种多孔材料的最流行的前体和模板，其中衍生物可以继承较大的表面积，丰富的目标功能活性位点和从其母体MOF继承的高孔隙率。这些独特的结构特征使其成为有希望的多种应用候选产品。更有趣的是，这些MOF衍生物的结构和性质可以通过在转换过程中选择母体MOF和设计来进行调节。在此概述中，讨论了从MOF到其多孔衍生物的转化途径，这些转化的基础原理以及MOF组分在过渡过程中的行为。最近，在保存和增加表面积方面取得了巨大进展，从定制母体MOF和定制转化过程的角度来看，MOF衍生材料针对目标应用的活性位点数量和孔隙率水平。为了开发合理设计的MOF衍生材料，从而阐明前体与过程之间的相关性，讨论了MOF衍生物在电化学能量存储和转化，水处理，气体传感和生物医学中应用的一些典型示例，以证明其有效性。关键设计策略。