The human body is home to a diverse and functionally important assemblage of symbiotic microbes that varies predictably over different spatial scales, both within and across body sites. The composition of these spatially distinct microbial consortia can be impacted by a variety of stochastic and deterministic forces, including dispersal from different source communities, and selection by regionally-specific host processes for the enrichment of physiologically significant taxa. In this chapter, we review the composition, function, and assembly of the healthy human gastrointestinal, skin, vaginal, and respiratory microbiomes, with special emphasis on the regional distribution of microbes throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

人体是多样且功能重要的共生微生物组合的家园，它们在身体部位内部和身体部位之间的不同空间尺度上可预测地变化。这些空间上不同的微生物群落的组成可能受到各种随机和确定性力量的影响，包括来自不同源群落的分散，以及通过区域特定宿主过程进行的选择，以富集具有生理意义的分类群。在本章中，我们回顾了健康人类胃肠道、皮肤、阴道和呼吸道微生物组的组成、功能和组装，特别强调微生物在整个胃肠道中的区域分布。